[Translated article] Relationship Between the GesEPOC 2021 Classification of Risk Levels and Phenotypes and the Incidence of Adverse Events

Risk factors for hyponatremia in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD): a multicenter cross-sectional study

“…The underlying mechanism of hyponatremia in infectious diseases are very complicated [ 29 , 33 ], which entailed Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH), hyperproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased catecholamines, glucagon, and cortisol, etc. Acute exacerbation is the most common cause for admission and mortality of COPD, who were with diverse risk levels, phenotypes, and clinical features [ 34 , 35 ]. Concurrently, several studies revealed that CAP was a major contributor of acute exacerbation and increased the risk of mortality and readmission in COPD patients [ 5 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Simultaneously, infection, particularly respiratory tract infection, is the most important risk factor of acute exacerbation of COPD [ 12 , 18 , 35 ]. The ESR is a commonly used parameter to evaluate the severity of inflammation and infection in clinical practice, which were increased in CAP and AECOPD [ 21 , 38 ].…”

Differences in Survival of Patients With COPD According to the New GesEPOC 2021 Classification of Phenotypes

“…There are few published data on the mortality of COPD patients according to the GesEPOC 2021 classification. Recently, Golpe et al 26 published a study with a similar methodology, applying this classification to a previously existing cohort of COPD patients, concluding that low-risk patients had less mortality, but without finding significant differences between the 3 phenotypes. This difference with the results of our study could be justified because we have not considered the distinction between low-risk and high-risk patients, understanding that the concept of low-risk patients is to simplify the management of patients with mild COPD in primary care.…”