Transitory Courtyards as a Feature of Sustainable Urbanism on the East African Coast

Abstract

The tropical urbanism of coastal East Africa has a thousand-year-long history, making it a recognized example of sustainable urbanism. Although economically dependent on trade, the precolonial Islamic towns of the so-called Swahili coast did not feature markets or other public buildings dedicated to mercantile activities before the European colonial involvement. In this regard, Swahili urban tradition differed from other tropical Islamic cities, such as in Morocco, Mali, Egypt or the Middle East, where markets fulfilled the role of social and economic hubs and, in terms of movement, major transitory/meeting spaces in the trading towns. Yet, the Swahili urban tradition thrived for centuries as a well-connected cosmopolitan type of tropical urbanism. As research has suggested, the public role of spaces associated with trade might have been fulfilled by houses. Using approaches of space syntax and network analysis, this article studies the morphology of the houses considering whether it could have been the courtyards that simulated the role of markets thanks to their transitory spatial configuration. The results are discussed reflecting on other models of houses with courtyards, especially the modern Swahili house appearing later in the colonial era when markets began to be established, and Islamic houses known from elsewhere.

Barriers to Community Participation in Governance Standards Setting for Sustainable Mangrove Management in Lamu County

“…Through these governance standards, local communities depending on mangroves are able to engage in ensuring sustainable use of this valuable resource and protecting the future. Community participation becomes a catalyst to fostering better stakeholder engagement and addressing prospects of biasness, gender inequality and opportunist mentalities in mangrove management (Baumanova, 2022;Conservancy, 2021).…”