Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in children and adolescents: Six-case series and review of the literature

Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Tumour as a Treatment Method in Children with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder – Analysis of Our Material and Literature Review

“…Cystoscopies as well as cytology, which are demanding in terms of the doctor's experience, are of lesser importance [3,11,13]. Many urologists claim that the conclusive examination in diagnostic process of bladder tumour in children is cystoscopic biopsy followed by histopathology evaluation [5,11,12].…”

“…The incidence of that tumour type in children is extremely rare. Only few cases, concerning mainly teenagers, have been reported so far [3][4][5]. In these cases no risk factors typical of adults such as smoking, pelvic irradiation, cyclophosfamide treatment, chronic exposure to selected chemical substances (aniline, naftylamine, benziline), or sweetener abuse were involved [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…In these cases no risk factors typical of adults such as smoking, pelvic irradiation, cyclophosfamide treatment, chronic exposure to selected chemical substances (aniline, naftylamine, benziline), or sweetener abuse were involved [3][4][5][6][7]. Bladder cancer in children has not been found to be genetically conditioned [2,5]. The most common symptom of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) both in children and adults is haematuria [3][4][5].…”

“…Bladder cancer in children has not been found to be genetically conditioned [2,5]. The most common symptom of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) both in children and adults is haematuria [3][4][5].…”

High-Grade Non-Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Osseous Metaplasia of the 3-Year-Old Boy Urinary Bladder

“…Nearly all reported tumors in paediatric patients are low grade and invasive disease is present in only 3% of cases [1]. Fewer than 30 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) have been reported in children less than 10 years of age [2][3][4]. The male-to-female ratio is 3:1.…”