Transition Zone Prostate Cancer: Detection and Localization with 3-T Multiparametric MR Imaging

Abstract

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120281/-/DC1.

MRI in Diagnosis of Prostate Carcinoma

“…Regarding qualitative analysis of DW images, the use of higher -values is useful for less experienced radiologist; best signal suppression of benign prostate tissue and greater evidence of signal restriction with a higher -value allow an immediate diagnostic evaluation of the images. Images with a value of 1000 s/mm 2 cannot suppress benign tissue in the PZ and sometimes obscure tumour lesions due to persistent T2-shinethrough effects .This context needs to be elucidated as the greater spread of prostate carcinomas needs an increase in MRI examinations for diagnosis, local staging, lesions targeting for biopsy, or focal therapy, so that the analysis of the mp-MRI must be easy in practice, without the need of greater experience (29,30) .…”

Practical aspects of prostate MRI: hardware and software considerations, protocols, and patient preparation

“…Additionally, several studies have reported promising findings on the utility of DCE parameters in discriminating prostate cancer based on aggressiveness of the disease [91,92]. While DCE is an invaluable sequence in certain instances where other acquisition sequences will show artifact (i.e., for patients with hip replacements), DCE results might be confounded by the presence of prostatitis in the peripheral zone [1,5,93] or by mixed BPH nodules in the central gland [1,5,94,95].…”

“…There are several agents approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, including gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist), gadobutrol (Gadovist), or gadodiamide (Omniscan) [96]. Aiming for a reasonable spatiotemporal resolution, a five-minute DCE acquisition yields dynamic imaging with a temporal resolution in the range of 3-10 s, a spatial resolution in the range of 0.7 9 0.7 mm to 1.9 9 1.9 mm with a slice thickness of 3-4 mm [27,66,91,92,95,[97][98][99][100][101]. Compressed sensing techniques have been implemented into DCE sequences to improve spatiotemporal resolution or increase the coverage.…”

Prostate Cancer: The Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…There is no absolute consensus about the optimal b value for prostate cancer detection, but it is known that higher b values may increase diffusion sensitivity by lowering the normal hyperintensity of tissues with long T2 relaxation times, such as the PZ. [32][33][34][35] Several studies showed significant differences in the mean ADC values between cancerous and normal tissues for the PZ and to a lesser extent for the TZ (36). However, other studies showed considerable overlap of ADC values between prostate cancer and benign conditions like BPH and A B D C prostatitis.…”