Transition to Dryland Agriculture

Norwood, Charles A.; Dumler, Troy J.

doi:10.2134/agronj2002.3100

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

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Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and input use efficiency of sesame cultivars

et al. 2021

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The effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen (N) rates and their interactions on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) yield is not completely evaluated; hence, the current study was conducted to investigate effects of these factors on sesame yield, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and seed oil content. The experiment was carried out in a semiarid region of Iran during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons outlined in a randomized complete‐block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments with three replicates. The main plots were allocated to the deficit and full irrigation regimes. Factorial combination of three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) and three sesame cultivars (Oltan, Dashtestan, and Naz) were assigned to the subplots. When averaged over the years and cultivars, the results showed that the enhancement of applied N (0–120 kg N ha−1) increased sesame seed yield by 81% with full irrigation and by 51% with deficit irrigation. Maximum IWUE was found in Oltan treated with 120 kg N ha−1 under full irrigation (0.26 kg m−3), while the minimum value was found in Naz treated with 0 kg N ha−1 under deficit irrigation (0.05 kg m−3). The mean comparisons of NFUE showed that in the 60 kg N ha−1 treatment, each kilogram of applied N led to the production of 13.8 and 4.5 kg seed ha−1 with full and deficit irrigation, respectively. In contrast, in the 120 kg N ha−1 treatment, each kilogram of applied N resulted in the production of 7.6 and 2.1 kg seed ha−1 in the full and deficit irrigation regimes, respectively. In general, the optimal rates of N depended on the sesame cultivar and varied for different regimes of irrigation. Managing N fertilizer levels to meet sesame demands based on the amount of water applied and the type of cultivar not only prevented a negative environmental effect, but also increased yield and conserved agricultural inputs for sesame grown in arid and semiarid regions.

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Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and input use efficiency of sesame cultivars

et al. 2021

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A county‐level estimation of renewable surface water and groundwater availability associated with potential large‐scale bioenergy feedstock production scenarios in the United States

Hui

2018

GCB Bioenergy

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This study examines fresh renewable water resources available for bioenergy feedstock production in the United States. The impacts of feedstock irrigation on surface and groundwater resources available to nonbioenergy sectors were quantified using a pair of water availability indexes: streamflow availability index and percolation flow availability index. The two metrics were applied to both historical (2008) and three possible future biomass production scenarios from the 2016 U.S. Billion‐Ton Report at the county level. For both historical and future scenarios, we found that the consumptive irrigation requirements for bioenergy feedstock account for <0.01% of annual streamflow in all but three counties in Nebraska. Results suggest that the irrigation demand of future biomass production could be supplied by annual renewable groundwater flow in about 94% of feedstock‐growing counties that use groundwater for irrigation, representing about 92% of production tonnage. Counties that require irrigation from nonrenewable groundwater resources are mostly located in the Northern Plains and Pacific regions. We also evaluated the sensitivity of crop water footprint estimation to soil moisture carryover by comparing blue water estimates from six different empirical and process‐based methods. Our findings suggest that accounting for preseason soil moisture is critical for representative blue water estimation, so that the irrigation water consumption is not overestimated. This is especially true in the Corn Belt region, where blue water estimates with and without preseason soil moisture would be about 1.9 versus 45.5 billion m3/year under the historical scenario. This difference is smaller in semiarid regions like the High Plains, but the blue water estimate can still triple if soil moisture is not considered. From the perspective of renewable surface water and groundwater resources, scaling feedstock production up in the High Plains and California will require careful planning integrated with water management strategies to improve water resource conservation.

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Much Improved Water Use Efficiency of Rice under Non‐Flooded Mulching Cultivation

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2007

JIPB

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Water shortage is increasingly limiting the luxury use of water in rice cultivation. In this study, non‐flooded mulching cultivation of rice only consumed a fraction of the water that was needed for traditional flooded cultivation and largely maintained the grain yield. We also investigated the growth and development of rice plants and examined grain yield formation when rice was subjected to non‐flooded mulching cultivation. One indica hybrid rice combination was grown in a field experiment and three cultivation methods, traditional flooding (TF), non‐flooded straw mulching cultivation (SM) and non‐flooded plastic mulching cultivation (PM), were conducted during the whole season. Grain yield showed that there was no significant difference between SM and TF rice, but the grain yield of SM cultivation was significantly higher than that of PM. The tiller numbers were inhibited in the early stage under non‐flooded mulching cultivation, but the situation was reversed at the later period. Both SM and PM rice reduced dry matter accumulation of shoot, but increased root dry weight, enhanced the remobilization of assimilates from stems to grains and increased the harvest index. During the middle and later grain filling period, mulched plants showed a faster decrease in chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic rates of flag leaves and root activity than TF rice, indicating that non‐flooded mulching cultivation enhanced plant senescence. In comparison, SM treatment produced higher grain yield and, more dry matter accumulation and panicle numbers than the PM treatment. The overall results suggest that high yield of non‐flooded mulching cultivation of rice can be achieved with much improved irrigational water use efficiency.

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Transition to Dryland Agriculture

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and input use efficiency of sesame cultivars

Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and input use efficiency of sesame cultivars

A county‐level estimation of renewable surface water and groundwater availability associated with potential large‐scale bioenergy feedstock production scenarios in the United States

Much Improved Water Use Efficiency of Rice under Non‐Flooded Mulching Cultivation

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