Transition of Weather Research to Operations: Opportunities and Challenges

Serafin, Robert; MacDonald, Alexander E.; Gall, Robert

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0377:towrto>2.3.co;2

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The Doswell et al 1981;Doswell 1986;Stokes 1997;National Research Council 2003;Serafin et al 2002). Understanding and recognizing these prefrontal features is of more than just academic interest for improving our understanding of cold fronts.…”

Section: Making Connections Between Research and Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cold Fronts with Prefrontal Troughs and Wind Shifts

Schultz

2005

Monthly Weather Review

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The conceptual model of a classical surface-based cold front consists of a sharp temperature decrease coincident with a pressure trough and a distinct wind shift at the surface. Many cold fronts, however, do not conform to this model-time series at a single surface station may possess a pressure trough and wind shift in the warm air preceding the cold front (hereafter called a prefrontal trough and prefrontal wind shift, respectively). Although many authors have recognized these prefrontal features previously, a review of the responsible mechanisms has not been performed to date. This paper presents such a review. Ten disparate mechanisms with different frontal structures have been identified from the previous literature. These mechanisms include those external to the front (i.e., those not directly associated with the cold front itself): synoptic-scale forcing, interaction with lee troughs/drylines, interaction with fronts in the mid-and upper troposphere, and frontogenesis associated with inhomogeneities in the prefrontal air. Mechanisms internal to the front (i.e., those directly associated with the structure and dynamics of the front) include the following: surface friction, frontogenesis acting on alongfront temperature gradients, moist processes, descent of air, ascent of air at the front, and generation of prefrontal bores/gravity waves. Given the gaps in our knowledge of the structure, evolution, and dynamics of surface cold fronts, this paper closes with an admonition for improving the links between theory, observations, and modeling to advance understanding and develop better conceptual models of cold fronts, with the goal of improving both scientific understanding and operational forecasting.

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Section: Making Connections Between Research and Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cold Fronts with Prefrontal Troughs and Wind Shifts

Schultz

2005

Monthly Weather Review

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“…In attempts toward increased efficiency and service value, NMHSs are motivated to bridge 'research to operations' gaps (R2O) (Serafin, MacDonald, & Gall, 2002), which pertain to a limited uptake of research findings into operational products. Factors increasing R2O gaps that have been identified include a lack of continuous funding, limited communications between research and operational departments or lack of skills to use novel products (Brooks, 2013).…”

Section: Shifting Roles In the Weather Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward valuable weather and sea-ice services for the marine Arctic: exploring user–producer interfaces of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute

2019

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Recognition is growing that valuable weather, water, ice and climate (WWIC) services for marine, Arctic environments can only be produced in close dialogue with its actual users. This denotes an acknowledgement that knowing how users incorporate WWIC information in their activities should be considered throughout the information value chain. Notions like co-production and user engagement are current terms to grapple with user needs, but little is known about how such concepts are operationalized in the practical context of tasks and responsibilities of National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services (NMHS). Based on a series of in-depth, qualitative interviews with a diversity of personnel from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, we describe the shifting dynamics of interactions between WWIC information providers and maritime stakeholders operating in Arctic environments. Three key challenges are discussed, pertaining to both day-to-day and strategic interactions:(1) the importance of knowing how information is used, (2) the increasing automation of meteorological practices and the growing need for user observations, and (3) the need for bridging research-tooperations gaps. We embed these findings in a discussion on how user-producer interfaces are shaped and transforming through an ongoing negotiation of expertise, changing the roles and responsibilities within particular constellations of co-producing WWIC information services. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The system consists of the IOC International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE), National Oceanographic Data Centers (NODCs) and the operational ocean forecasting services. JCOMM works at the interface between the WMO members, IOC member states and the research community (Figure 1), coordinating standardized research and operation transition, as required by environmental data services (Serafin et al, 2002;National Research Council, 2003;Shao et al, 2016). WMO members and IOC member states set the requirements of JCOMM activities, and the international community implements the solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Joint IOC (of UNESCO) and WMO Collaborative Effort for Met-Ocean Services

et al. 2019

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Pinardi et al. Marine Monitoring to Services resulting from the observations and data management. Future developments should enhance coordination in these three program areas by considering the inclusion of new and emergent observing technologies, the interoperability of met-ocean data assembly centers and the establishment of efficient research to operations protocols, in addition to better fit-for-purpose customized services in both the public and private sectors.

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Transition of Weather Research to Operations: Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Cold Fronts with Prefrontal Troughs and Wind Shifts

A Review of Cold Fronts with Prefrontal Troughs and Wind Shifts

Toward valuable weather and sea-ice services for the marine Arctic: exploring user–producer interfaces of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute

The Joint IOC (of UNESCO) and WMO Collaborative Effort for Met-Ocean Services

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