Transition metals in organic synthesis: highlights for the year 2002

Diazotization‐iodination of aromatic amines in water mediated by crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) supported sodium nitrite

“…It is well known that aromatic halides are important building blocks in organic transformations, such as the Suzuki cross coupling and Heck‐type reactions,31–37 and one of the most renowned methods for the synthesis of aryl halides by aryl amines is the traditional Sandmeyer rection 26, 38–41…”

“…Aromatic iodides are important building blocks in modern organic synthesis, especially for carbon–carbon bond formation via crosscoupling reactions 33–37, 42–45. In addition, many aryl iodides are biologically active molecules that are used as drug or diagnostic aids.…”

Introduction of organic/inorganic Fe3O4@MCM‐41@Zr‐piperazine magnetite nanocatalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene and pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone derivatives

“…Moreover, many zirconium salts are now commercially available or described in the literature . Despite its advantages, the utility of zirconium (IV) compounds as Lewis acids for organic reactions has not been exploited to a greater extent largely compared to other transition metals . With increasing environmental concerns and the need for efficient and green Lewis acid catalysts for various useful organic transformations, the interest in zirconium and its compounds has increased in last decade…”

“…[37,38] Despite its advantages, the utility of zirconium (IV) compounds as Lewis acids for organic reactions has not been exploited to a greater extent largely compared to other transition metals. [39][40][41] With increasing environmental concerns and the need for efficient and green Lewis acid catalysts for various useful organic transformations, the interest in zirconium and its compounds has increased in last decade. [42] In order to increase the availability of active sites of zirconium to compensate its low surface area, it can be proposed to introduce zirconium into the framework of molecular sieves pending their synthesis as co-condensation or direct ones, by analogy with what had been made with many other elements.…”

Applications of Zirconium (IV) Compounds in Organic Synthesis

“…Moreover, many zirconium salts are now commercially available or described in the literature [21]. Despite its advantages, the utility of zirconium (IV) compound as a Lewis acid for organic reactions has not been exploited to a greater extent largely compared to other transition metals [22][23][24]. With increasing environmental concerns and the need for efficient and green Lewis acid catalysts for various useful organic transformations, the interest in zirconium and its compounds has increased in last decade.…”