Transition‐Metal‐Mediated or ‐Catalyzed Syntheses of Steroids and Steroid‐Like Compounds

Abstract

This short review aims to summarize recent advances in the use of transition-metal-catalyzed and -mediated methodology for the synthesis of steroid and steroid-like skeletons reported in the last decade. The methodologies used include transition-metal-catalyzed or -mediated [2+2+2] and other

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Formation of Bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1-enes

“…The construction of complex polycyclic structures from relatively simple starting materials has been the subject of a number of research efforts aimed at accessing biomimetic carbocycles. 12–16 …”

Pot Economy in the Total Synthesis of Estradiol Methyl Ether by Using an Organocatalyst

“…Steroids, with a tetracyclic molecular framework, have versatile, strong, and important biological activities . Given their importance in medicine and biology, many synthetic methods have been developed for the efficient synthesis of steroids including polyene cyclization, Diels–Alder reaction, and transition‐metal‐mediated reactions …”

Pot Economy in the Total Synthesis of Estradiol Methyl Ether by Using an Organocatalyst

“…[13] Given their importance in medicine and biology,m any synthetic methods have been developed for the efficient synthesis of steroids [14] including polyene cyclization, [15] Diels-Alder reaction, [16] and transition-metal-mediated reactions. [17] Organocatalysts [18] have been successfully employed in the synthesis of steroids.T he proline-mediated intramolecular aldol reaction, reported in 1971, [19] is alandmark discovery in organocatalysis.This approach is effective for the synthesis of the Wieland-Miescher ketone,akey intermediate of the steroid synthesis. [20] Recently,Hong and co-workers reported the one-pot synthesis of as teroid system through organocatalyst-mediated Michael/Michael/aldol/Henry and Michael/ Michael/Henry reactions, [21] whereas Jørgensen and co-workers reported the construction of the steroid structure by using Torgovsd iene via ad ienamine intermediate.…”