Transition-metal dopants for extending the response of titanate photoelectrolysis anodes

Maruska, H. Paul; Ghosh, Amal K.

doi:10.1016/0165-1633(79)90042-x

Cited by 200 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The differences in photoactivity derive from the change in the diffusion length of the minority carriers [76]. For optimal e -/h + separation, the magnitude of the potential drop across the space-charge layer should not fall below 0.2 V [77].…”

Section: Doping With Transition Metal Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron transfer from one of these levels to the conduction band requires lower photon energy than in the situation of an unmodified semiconductor. TiO 2 has been doped with many different transition metals [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. Grätzel et al [73] studied the effect of doping TiO 2 with transition metals such as Fe, V, and Mo by electron paramagnetic resonance.…”

Section: Doping With Transition Metal Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind. Because of this, photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding. TiO 2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H 2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO 2 , compares TiO 2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO 2 nanoparticles. TiO 2 is considered close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. In this review article, various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO 2 including dye sensitization, doping, coupling and capping are discussed. Environmental and energy applications of TiO 2 , including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized. Historical backgroundThe growth of industry worldwide has tremendously increased the generation and accumulation of waste byproducts. In general, the production of useful products has been focused on and the generation of waste byproducts has been largely ignored. This has caused severe environmental problems that have become a major concern. Researchers all over the world have been working on various approaches to address this issue. Photoinduced processes have been studied and various applications have been developed. One important technique for removing industrial waste is the use of light energy (electromagnetic radiation) and particles sensitive to this energy to mineralize waste which aids in its removal from solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is considered very close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis because of its high stability, low cost and safety toward both humans and the environment.*Corresponding author (email: shipra.mital@gmail.com)In 1964, Kato et al.[1] published their work on the photocatalytic oxidation of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) by a TiO 2 suspension, which was followed by McLintock et al. [2] investigating the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene and propylene in the presence of oxygen adsorbed on TiO 2 . However, the most important discovery that extensively promoted the field of photocatalysis was the "Honda-Fujishima Effect" first described by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [3]. This well-known chemical phenomenon involves electrolysis of water, which is related to photocatalysis. Photoirradiation of a TiO 2 (rutile) single crystal electrode immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution induced the evolution of oxygen from the TiO 2 electrode and the evolution of hydrogen from a platinum counterelectrode when an anodic bias was applied to the TiO 2 working electrode. In 1977, Frank and Bard [4] examined the reduction of ...

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Section: Doping With Transition Metal Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doping With Transition Metal Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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“…Titanates such as TiO2 and SrTi03 can be sensitized for visible irradiation by doping with other transitiowmetal ions, e.g. Cr* [7,8], but there is some disa+ vantage to this approach. These transition-metal ions form localized levels in the forbidden bandgap, leading to a low hole mobility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical properties of titanium niobate (TiNb2O7) and titanium tantalate (TiTa2O7)

Haart

Boessenkool

Blasse

1985

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…In contrast, the position of the conduction band is usually in the spotlight, since its edge is very close to the HER potential. In the case of SrTiO 3 it is only about -200 mV more negative [4]. Figure 1a illustrates that a freely moving electron would not be able to perform the HER, although the semiconductor fulfills the aforementioned requirements.…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4) The surface concentration n S is very small and can be neglected under illumination. Equation 4 shows that E BB changes significantly with the illumination level [10]. Here, when Δn equals n 0 , the band bending vanishes, resulting in a flat band situation.…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Intensity Influence on Strontium Titanate Based Photo- Electrochemical Cells

Hertkorn¹

2017

Ceramics - Silikaty

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The influence of light intensity on photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) consisting of an n-type strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) photoanode and nickel cathode in potassium hydroxide electrolyte is studied. The band levels of an electrolyte-metalsemiconductor-electrolyte system are presented and the effect of different light intensities on the energy levels is investigated. Photocurrent density, quantum efficiency, and open circuit potential measurements are performed on the processed PECs under different light intensities (375 nm). It is demonstrated that a threshold value of the light intensity has to be reached inorder to obtain positive photo activity and that beyond this value the performance remains nearly constant.

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Transition-metal dopants for extending the response of titanate photoelectrolysis anodes

Cited by 200 publications

References 7 publications

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

Photoelectrochemical properties of titanium niobate (TiNb2O7) and titanium tantalate (TiTa2O7)

Light Intensity Influence on Strontium Titanate Based Photo- Electrochemical Cells

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