Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Using N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands (Besides Pd- and Ru-Catalyzed Reactions)

Using Soluble Polymer Supports To Facilitate Homogeneous Catalysis

“…[39][40][41][42] As noted below, species like 15 have been immobilized on PEG for use in Ru-catalyzed metathesis chemistry. 43 PEG-bound NHCs have also been prepared and used as organocatalysts in a variety of nucleophilic catalytic reactions.…”

Functional nickel complexes of N-heterocyclic carbeneligands in pre-organized and supported thin film materials

“…This is mostly due to their pronounced sdonating/weak p-accepting ability with a high trans effect, tunable steric and electronic properties as well as strong M-NHC bonds. 3 A large number of reactions using these metal-NHC complexes as catalysts have been reported: olefin metathesis (Ru), 4 hydrosilylation and hydroformylation (Rh), 4 and C-C coupling reactions (Pd, Ni). 4,5 However, Ni-NHC complexes have rarely been used as catalysts in olefin dimerization reactions.…”

Reactivity of carbene•phosphine dimers: proton affinity revisited

“…[1,2] Such species are of fundamental organic interest but have also proven to be of great utility in many synthetic applications, including as versatile catalysts for a variety of organic reactions and as novel ligands for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions such as the Grubbs ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysis, palladiumcatalyzed cross-coupling reactions and nickel-catalyzed cycloadditions. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The dialkylimidazolium salts (which can form stabilized carbenes when deprotonated) are also an important class of room temperature ionic liquids, environmentally "clean" nonvolatile solvents that are increasingly used in organic synthesis. [10][11][12][13] In addition to organic synthetic utility, these carbenes also have biological counterparts, the most well-known being thiamine pyrophosphate (the coenzyme form of vitamin B 1 ).…”

“…N ‐Heterocyclic singlet carbenes (NHCs, such as imidazol‐2‐ylidenes, 1 and the saturated derivatives, 2 ) are “stabilized” carbenes that were first isolated by Arduengo et al and Igau et al in 1991 . Such species are of fundamental organic interest but have also proven to be of great utility in many synthetic applications, including as versatile catalysts for a variety of organic reactions and as novel ligands for transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions such as the Grubbs ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysis, palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions and nickel‐catalyzed cycloadditions . The dialkylimidazolium salts (which can form stabilized carbenes when deprotonated) are also an important class of room temperature ionic liquids, environmentally “clean” nonvolatile solvents that are increasingly used in organic synthesis .…”