Transition metal carbides and nitrides as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst or catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali; Wilberforce, Tabbi; Elsaid, Khaled; Sayed, Enas Taha; Abdelghani, Emad A.M.; Olabi, Abdul–Ghani

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.250

Cited by 103 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…In the last decade, the renewable energy sources' capacity was exponentially increased, resulting in a critical need for energy conversion/storage systems that can effectively use/store such an increase in energy. Regarding energy conversion devices, fuel cells are efficient devices [15][16][17] that are fueled by renewable fuels such as biohydrogen [18], biogas [19], or other biomass resources [20,21]; they have high potential to replace conventional energy conversion sysetms in several applications, such as water desalination [22,23], transportation [24][25][26], aviation [27], and portable applications [28]. The energy storage systems are divided into four categories, i.e., electrical, electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

et al. 2021

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This review presents a detailed summary of the latest technologies used in flywheel energy storage systems (FESS). This paper covers the types of technologies and systems employed within FESS, the range of materials used in the production of FESS, and the reasons for the use of these materials. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the types of uses of FESS, covering vehicles and the transport industry, grid leveling and power storage for domestic and industrial electricity providers, their use in motorsport, and applications for space, satellites, and spacecraft. Different types of machines for flywheel energy storage systems are also discussed. This serves to analyse which implementations reduce the cost of permanent magnet synchronous machines. As well as this, further investigations need to be carried out to determine the ideal temperature range of operation. Induction machines are currently stoutly designed with lower manufacturing cost, making them unsuitable for high-speed operations. Brushless direct current machines, the Homolar machines, and permanent magnet synchronous machines should also be considered for future research activities to improve their performance in a flywheel energy storage system. An active magnetic bearing can also be used alongside mechanical bearings to reduce the control systems’ complications, thereby making the entire system cost-effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

et al. 2021

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“…Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have grown as a possible energy source, over the last decade. Researchers throughout the world are concentrating on how to optimize the system to make it cost-competitive with other sources of energies currently available in the market [1][2][3]. PEM fuel cells are environmental friendly with a high-efficiency power source and are not bound by carnot efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

et al. 2021

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A low cost bipolar plate materials with a high fuel cell performance is important for the establishment of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM ) fuel cells into the competitive world market. In this research, the effect of different bipolar plates material such as Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Stainless Steel (SS) of a single stack of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was investigated both numerically and experimentally. Firstly, a three dimensional (3D) PEM fuel cell model was developed, and simulations were conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS FLUENT to examine the effect of each bipolar plate materials on cell performance. Along with cell performance, significant parameters distributions like temperature, pressure, a mass fraction of hydrogen, oxygen, and water is presented. Then, an experimental study of a single cell of Al, Cu, and SS bipolar plate material was used in the verification of the numerical investigation. Finally, polarization curves of numerical and experimental results was compared for validation, and the result shows that Al serpentine bipolar plate material performed better than Cu and SS materials. The outcome of the investigation was in tandem to the fact that due to adsorption on metal surfaces, hydrogen molecules is more stable on Al surface than Cu and SS surfaces.

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“…[11][12][13][14] Indeed, Group IV-VI TMCs have shown remarkable catalytic activity attributed to their distinct valence electron structure induced by the presence of carbon in the metal lattice. [12,15,16] In the case of Mo 2 C, this phenomenon has been explained by the filling of the d-states at the Fermi level of Mo by the alloying with C. [17][18][19][20] Previous experimental [11,21,22] and computational [11,23] works have shown that there are promising TMC candidates for PEMFC cathode catalyst supports. Such candidates must show simultaneous activity and stability in the operational environment of the fuel cell cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Durability and Activity in Pt/Mo₂C Fuel Cell Cathodes by Magnetron Sputtering of Tantalum

Hamo

Rosen

2021

ChemElectroChem

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Cost reduction together with durability represent the primary challenges for cathode catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The catalyst is often supported by carbon, which suffers from parasitic corrosion, particularly during start‐up and shut‐down operations. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have attracted attention as a potential replacement for carbon supports because some of them have electronic structures likened to noble metals. Mo2C has shown promising activity as platinum support for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) but can suffer from oxidation and dissolution. Here, Mo2C supports are modified by surface tantalum (Ta) treatment using a variety of DC magnetron sputtering operating parameters. All supports modified by Ta showed improved corrosion resistance compared to the untreated support. Pt/Mo2C modified with Ta using a 500 V bias, 6 mTorr working pressure, and 2 min sputter time additionally showed improved kinetic current density and mass activity. Ta sputtering under these conditions were applied to the cathode side of a Pt/Mo2C membrane electrode assembly and showed significantly improved durability when subjected to an accelerated stress test. Ta‐modified Pt/Mo2C cathodes showed resistance to void formation and loss of electrochemical surface area. Ta magnetron sputtering can therefore be considered a viable surface treatment for improving the activity and stability of PEMFCs using Mo2C‐based supports.

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Transition metal carbides and nitrides as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst or catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

Cited by 103 publications

References 134 publications

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Improved Durability and Activity in Pt/Mo₂C Fuel Cell Cathodes by Magnetron Sputtering of Tantalum

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Transition metal carbides and nitrides as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst or catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

Cited by 103 publications

References 134 publications

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

Critical Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System

Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Improved Durability and Activity in Pt/Mo2C Fuel Cell Cathodes by Magnetron Sputtering of Tantalum

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Improved Durability and Activity in Pt/Mo₂C Fuel Cell Cathodes by Magnetron Sputtering of Tantalum