Transition Metal Binding in DNA Solutions

Eisinger, J.; Shulman, R. G.; Szymański, B.

doi:10.1063/1.1701258

Cited by 214 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The binding of C?' to DNA occurs only at the phosphate groups (KAR-LIK et al 1980;EISINGER et al 1962) in a similar manner as A13+. The binding causes a condensation of DNA (~STERBERG et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Liu

Jiang

2008

Hereditas

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The effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth, cell division and chromosome morphology of ANium cepa were studied. The concentrations used of chromium nitrate and potassium dichromate were 2 x lo-', 2 x 2 x loW3, 2 x loW4, 2 x loW5, 2 x 10W6, and 2 x 10W7M. The results showed that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium inhibit root growth and cause mitotic irregularities comprising c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosome stickiness, and chromosome fragmentation and lagging. When compared with chromium nitrate on the equimolar basis, potassium dichromate showed a stronger inhibitory and toxic effect on root growth and cell division, respectively. The possible mechanism of the Cr poisoning of root meristem cells of Allium cepa is also briefly discussed. Donghua Liu and Wusheng Materials and methodsHealthy and equal-sized bulbs were chosen from a population of the common onion Allium cepa L. (2n = 16). The onions had neither started shooting of green leaves nor started any growth of roots. Before starting the experiment, the outer dry scales of the bulbs were removed and the ring of the root primordia was left intact. 12 onions were the starting material in each series and the best 10 onions were selected on day 1 or day 2 for the continued test ( FISKESJ~ 1988).The concentrations used of chromium nitrate (Cr(NO,), . 9H20) and potassium dichromate (K,Cr,O,) were 2 x lo-', 2 x ]OW2, 2 x lo-,, 2 x 2 x 2 x lop6, and 2 x lO-'M. The solutions were prepared in tap water. Control roots were treated with tap water. The onions were placed directly in the test liquids, which were changed regularly every day. The bulbs were allowed to germinate producing roots in beakers at room temperature, 21"C, for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Macroscopic observations were made at the end of each time interval. The roots were cut and fixed in Carnoy's fixative (3 parts 95 % ethanokl part acetic acid, glacial) for 48 h, followed by squashing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Liu

Jiang

2008

Hereditas

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“…A stabilization of the DNA double helix by Cr3+ is supported also by UV absorption spectra of nucleic acids purified from BHK cells treated with CrCl3 (Tamino, 1977), by X-ray diffraction (Danchin, 1975) and NMR studies (Eisinger, Shulman and Szymanski, 1962) of DNA-Cr3+ complexes. An interaction with DNA could represent also the final effect of K2Cr2O7 after it is reduced to Cr3+ inside the cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cytotoxic Effects of Hexavalent and Trivalent Chromium on Mammalian Cells In Vitro

Levis¹,

Bianchi²,

Tamino³

et al. 1978

Br J Cancer

105

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Summary.-The cytotoxic effects of hexavalent (K2Cr2O7) and trivalent (CrCl3) chromium compounds have been studied in cultured hamster fibroblasts (BHK line) and human epithelial-like cells (HEp line HEp cells turned out to be more sensitive to K2Cr2O7 than BHK fibroblasts: in the former line TdR uptake is less stimulated, DNA synthesis and cell survival are more affected. Survival of BHK cells to K2Cr2O7 indicates a multi-hit mechanism of cell inactivation, the extrapolation number being about 10.On the basis of quantitative Cr determinations in the treatment solutions and in the treated cells, the cytotoxic effects of Cr are attributed to the action of Cr6+ at the plasma membrane level on the mechanisms involved in nucleoside uptake, and to the interaction of Cr3+ at the intracellular level with nucleophilic targets on the DNA molecule.

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“…Also, the clastogenic action of Cr6+ on cultured hamster cells is suppressed by the addition of a reducing agent (Tsuda & Kato, 1977). However, Cr3+ compounds have been shown to interact with purified nucleic acids (Eisinger et al, 1962;Huff et al, 1964;Danchin, 1975;Tamino, 1977) to produce chromosome aberrations in plant (Glass, 1956) and animal cell cultures (Raffetto et al, 1977;Majone & Rensi, 1979) and to induce cell transformation in vitro (Raffetto et al, 1977). Furthermore, the alteration of DNA replication fidelity seen in the presence of CrCl2 (Sirover & Loeb, 1976) could be attributed to Cr3+, because divalent Cr compounds are extremely unstable unless carefully protected from oxidation to Cr3+, which takes place very easily in air, water and biological systems (Mertz, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble chromium compounds on mammalian cell cultures

Levis¹,

Majone²

1979

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-The inhibition of cell growth, the reduction of cell survival and the induction of chromosome aberrations and of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) have been determined in cultured hamster cell lines (BHK and CHO) treated with 11 water-soluble compounds of hexavalent and trivalent chromium.All Cr6+ compounds inhibit growth of BHK cells and reduce survival of CHO cells to levels comparable to those obtained only after exposure to 100-1000 times higher Cr3+ concentrations. The cytotoxicity curves obtained with the different Cr6+ compounds are almost overlapping, whereas marked differences of activity are noticeable among Cr3+ compounds. Giant cells are obtained after exposure to Cr6+ and Cr3+ compounds, as shown by the rise of DNA and RNA per cell, and are due to the blockage of the cell cycle without sudden inhibition of macromolecular syntheses. Both Cr6+ and Cr3+ compounds are able to induce chromosome aberrations, whereas Cr3+ is absolutely incapable of inducing SCE, only Cr6+ being active. The frequency of chromosome aberrations is increased about 10-fold after exposure to 1-0 jug/ml Cr6+, whereas it is only doubled after treatment with up to 150 jug/ml Cr3+. On the other hand, in spite of the sensitivity of CHO cells to the induction of SCE by mitomycin C, the frequency of SCE hardly doubles after exposure to Cr6+ compounds.The present data confirm that Cr6+ compounds are characterized by a marked cytotoxicity and clastogenic action on mammalian cell cultures and show that Cr3+ compounds, though cytotoxic only at extremely high concentrations and not increasing the frequency of SCE, are not completely without cytogenetic effect, as they are able to induce chromosome aberrations.

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Transition Metal Binding in DNA Solutions

Cited by 214 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Cytotoxic Effects of Hexavalent and Trivalent Chromium on Mammalian Cells In Vitro

Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble chromium compounds on mammalian cell cultures

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