Transition in wear behavior and mechanical properties of novel high nitrogen martensitic steel in cryogenic temperature regimes

Dhokey, N. B.; Upadhye, Aishwarya; Shah, Naimish; Tharian, K. Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.367

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Afterward, the generated [Mg] would also react with the residual [O] to form MgO inclusions: [13] ½Mg þ ½O ¼ MgOðsÞ (8) Furthermore, the mass fraction of MnS decreased from 0.00187 to 0.00114 wt%. It should be pointed out that owing to the low formation temperature of MnS, the reduction of MnS inclusion was not due to its reaction with [Ce] reacted with [N] to form CeN inclusions as follows: [60] ½Ce þ ½N ¼ CeNðsÞ (9) Similarly, MgO inclusions could not form because the formation of numerous Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions further consumed [O], and [Mg] would react with [N] as follows: [61] 3½Mg þ 2½N ¼ Mg 3 N 2 ðsÞ (10) The mass fraction of Mg 3 N 2 was only 0.00029 wt% as a result of the low Mg content (0.0004 wt%) in 0.020Ce steel.…”

Section: Nosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] High-nitrogen stainless bearing steel (HNSBS), as a representative third-generation aerospace bearing steel, has gained widespread attention due to its exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. [7][8][9][10][11][12] It is widely recognized that improving the cleanliness of steel contributes to extending the service life of bearings. [13][14][15][16] Specifically, O and S are the typical impurity elements in steel, and excessive levels of O and S can promote the formation and growth of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4–6 ] High‐nitrogen stainless bearing steel (HNSBS), as a representative third‐generation aerospace bearing steel, has gained widespread attention due to its exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. [ 7–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cerium Addition Improves Cleanliness and Refines Microstructure of As‐Cast High‐Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel

Lu,

Feng,

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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High‐nitrogen stainless bearing steel (HNSBS) is the most representative third‐generation aviation bearing steel, and the cleanliness and microstructure characteristics of bearing steel are crucial to its high performance and long service life. In this work, the effect of cerium addition on the cleanliness and microstructure characteristics of as‐cast HNSBS was systematically studied by combining microstructural characterization and thermodynamic analysis methods. The results show that with increasing Ce content, the cleanliness of steel first improved and then decreased, and Ce2O2S, Ce2O3 and CeN inclusions were generated successively. The Ce content should be controlled to ≈0.012 wt% to ensure that all Al2O3, MgO · Al2O3, and MnS inclusions were modified, and minimize the formation of large‐size Ce‐bearing inclusions. Furthermore, cerium addition refined the dendrite structure due to more nucleation sites for γ‐Fe and the enrichment of Ce in the liquid phase at solidifying front. The finer and more dispersed distribution in precipitates was ascribed to the reduction of growth space and Cr segregation, as well as the increase in effective nucleation sites. These results can offer theoretical guidance for inhibiting the formation of harmful inclusions in high‐nitrogen alloy systems and refining the microstructure of alloy systems containing M23(C, N)6 and M2(C, N) precipitates.

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Section: Nosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerium Addition Improves Cleanliness and Refines Microstructure of As‐Cast High‐Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel

Lu,

Feng,

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…Since the cryogenic submersible pump needs to be fully immersed in the LNG with little lubricity when working, where oil lubricants and greases are ineffective. Among them, the bearing, as one of the most critical components of the entire equipment, the extremely cryogenic and dry working environment accelerating the wear of the surface, seriously shorten its service life, which poses a potential threat to the safety of LNG [2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Tribological Behaviors of Invar 36 Alloy under Extremely Cryogenic and Dry Conditions Through Surface Micro-Texturing

Wang

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Invar 36 alloy is an iron-nickel alloy with an ultra-low coefficient of thermal expansion, which is widely used in cryogenic fields of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and aerospace. However, the wear under extremely cryogenic and dry conditions is a key problem for Invar 36 alloy applied in the bearing of cryogenic submersible pump. In this work, we are mainly for improving the cryogenic tribological performance of Invar 36 alloy through laser surface texturing. Three different types of surface micro-textures were prepared on Invar 36 alloy specimens. And the effects of these micro-textures on the friction and wear properties of Invar 36 alloy were investigated. The results show that groove-channel micro-texture has the lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate under normal and -196 °C. Further research shows that this is because the channel structure of groove-channel micro-texture is more conducive to the transfer of most debris generated caused by wear, which successfully reduces the occurrence of abrasive wear. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was utilized to explain the cryogenic tribological performance of the micro-textures.

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“…Using nitrogen combined with carbon in martensitic steels can improve properties like corrosion and mechanical resistance, which makes this type of steel useful for applications such as tools, bearings, ball screws, and antifriction bearing materials, among others. [ 1 ] Nitrogen improves microstructural features as it can promote the precipitation of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, restrict the coarsening of precipitates, and improve the solid solution strengthening of the matrix. [ 2,3 ] Nitrogen partially replaces carbon atoms in martensitic and austenitic steels, influencing properties like hardness and pitting corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Martensitic High Carbon–Nitrogen Steel Produced by Casting at Low Pressure

Coha-Vesga

Mendoza-Oliveros

Pérez-Villamil

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Nitrogen‐containing steels have become an attractive material in industrial fields due to their excellent mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the current manufacturing methods to produce nitrogen steels are linked to technologies with high working pressures. Alloying elements such as Cr, Mn, and Mo enhance the solubility of nitrogen in the melt, which allows the production at atmospheric pressure. Herein, carbon–nitrogen martensitic steels are produced at low pressure (7 × 105 Pa). The composition is designed through the CALPHAD method using two carbon contents (0.7 and 1.3 wt%). The alloy is produced in an induction furnace under N2 atmosphere to mitigate desorption. Thermomechanical and heat treatments are performed. The alloys are analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical evaluation is conducted using hardness analysis. The steel presents a nitrogen content of 0.15 wt%, in agreement with the thermodynamic calculations. SEM and EDS results show the presence of Cr and Nb precipitates in a martensitic structure. The highest hardness values are obtained in specimens heat treated by tempering at 400 °C for 2 h and air cooling, achieving 57.4 and 59.7 Hardness Rockwell C for samples with 0.7 and 1.3 wt% C, respectively.

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Transition in wear behavior and mechanical properties of novel high nitrogen martensitic steel in cryogenic temperature regimes

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Cerium Addition Improves Cleanliness and Refines Microstructure of As‐Cast High‐Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel

Cerium Addition Improves Cleanliness and Refines Microstructure of As‐Cast High‐Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel

Improving Tribological Behaviors of Invar 36 Alloy under Extremely Cryogenic and Dry Conditions Through Surface Micro-Texturing

Novel Martensitic High Carbon–Nitrogen Steel Produced by Casting at Low Pressure

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