Transition from strong to ultrastrong coupling regime in mid-infrared metal-dielectric-metal cavities

Jouy, Pierre; Vasanelli, Angela; Todorov, Yanko; Delteil, Aymeric; Biasiol, G.; Sorba, L.; Sirtori, Carlo

doi:10.1063/1.3598432

Cited by 42 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…If the dielectric layer thickness L is much smaller than the wavelength, such structures support a TM 100 mode with a frequency ν 0 = c /(2 sn eff ), with c the speed of light and n eff the effective index of the resonator. These cavities have been exploited to study the light-matter interaction in the THz and Mid-Infrared regions111213, and are widely used as antennas in the micro-wave region1. Antennas are now used also as a tool to optimize and control light extraction from Quantum Cascade Lasers operating in double-metal waveguides141516.…”

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“…At sub-THz and microwave frequencies, patch antennas are used to capture an impinging electromagnetic radiation in order to feed oscillating electronic circuits. For frequencies above a few THz, these structures are used to concentrate light into a semiconductor region, enabling the radiation to excite oscillating microscopic dipoles originating from the electronic levels of nanometric-scale quantum heterostructures111213.…”

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“…In the THz region and up to the Mid-Infrared, a very interesting property of these metallic structures is their strong sub-wavelength effective volume V 7 that boosts the light-matter interaction between the resonant mode and the electronic quantum transition1113. The metallic patch antennas are well suited for these studies, as the electric field that they concentrate is perfectly aligned with the oscillating microscopic (intersubband) dipoles1113.…”

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Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays

Feuillet-Palma

Todorov

Vasanelli

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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A key issue in modern photonics is the ability to concentrate light into very small volumes, thus enhancing its interaction with quantum objects of sizes much smaller than the wavelength. In the microwave domain, for many years this task has been successfully performed by antennas, built from metals that can be considered almost perfect at these frequencies. Antenna-like concepts have been recently extended into the THz and up to the visible, however metal losses increase and limit their performances. In this work we experimentally study the light coupling properties of dense arrays of subwavelength THz antenna microcavities. We demonstrate that the combination of array layout with subwavelength electromagnetic confinement allows for 104-fold enhancement of the electromagnetic energy density inside the cavities, despite the low quality factor of a single element. This effect is quantitatively described by an analytical model that can be applied for the optimization of any nanoantenna array.

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Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays

Feuillet-Palma

Todorov

Vasanelli

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…Recently, strong coupling has also been demonstrated through the use of a subwavelength metaldielectric-metal microcavity [17] or MSs with subwavelength elements [18][19][20][21]. Strong light-matter interaction between planar MSs and ISTs in QWs is easily scalable throughout the infrared spectrum and occurs on a single resonator level involving only a small number of electrons [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells

et al. 2014

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Strong light-matter coupling has recently been demonstrated in subwavelength volumes by coupling engineered optical transitions in semiconductor heterostructures (e.g., quantum wells) to metasurface resonances via near fields. It has also been shown that different resonator shapes may lead to different Rabi splittings, though this has not yet been well explained. In this paper, our aim is to understand the correlation between resonator shape and Rabi splitting, in particular to determine and quantify the physical parameters that affect strong coupling by developing an equivalent circuit network model whose elements describe energy and dissipation. Because of the subwavelength dimension of each metasurface element, we resort to the quasistatic (electrostatic) description of the near field and hence define an equivalent capacitance associated to each dipolar element of a flat metasurface. We show that this is also able to accurately model the phenomenology involved in strong coupling between the metasurface and the intersubband transitions in quantum wells. We show that the spectral properties and stored energy of a metasurface/quantum-well system obtained using our model are in good agreement with both full-wave simulation and experimental results. We then analyze metasurfaces made of three resonator geometries and observe that the magnitude of the Rabi splitting increases with the resonator capacitance in agreement with our theory, providing a phenomenological explanation for the resonator shape dependence of the strong coupling process.

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“…Recently, several designs of polaritonic THz emitter, based on semiconductor microcavities, were proposed, where the rate of spontaneous emission for THz photons can be additionally increased by bosonic stimulation if a radiative transition occurs into a condensate state of bosons [2][3][4][5]. Interaction of THz photons and polaritons is a subject of intensive experimental studies [6][7][8][9][10]. Proposed polaritonic emitters, however, have a serious disadvantage: since each polariton (which has energy of the order of 1eV) can produce only one THz photon (with energy about 10 meV) most of the pumped energy is lost and the efficiency of the device remains small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-boson stimulated terahertz emission in a polariton cascade laser

Kaliteevskii

Иванов

2013

Tech. Phys. Lett.

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Abstract.We have considered a system of equidistant polaritonic states, interacting with an electromagnetic field of a localized THz cavity mode. An accumulation of photons in a THz cavity mode together with bosonic stimulation of the transition between polariton levels induces intensive radiative scattering of polaritons. The concept of double bosonic stimulation of a radiative transition in a bosonic cascade laser (BCL) is formulated, and the possibility of the use of a BCL for the emission of THz radiation is investigated. The system demonstrates threshold-like behaviour and, above threshold, cascade radiative transitions of polaritons which leads to an increase of quantum efficiency, which can exceed unity. The interaction of polaritons with a reservoir leads to an increase in the threshold pumping rate and a decrease of quantum efficiency. IntroductionThe creation of an efficient solid-state emitter of THz radiation remains important task of the modern physics and technology [1]. Recently, several designs of polaritonic THz emitter, based on semiconductor microcavities, were proposed, where the rate of spontaneous emission for THz photons can be additionally increased by bosonic stimulation if a radiative transition occurs into a condensate state of bosons [2][3][4][5]. Interaction of THz photons and polaritons is a subject of intensive experimental studies [6][7][8][9][10]. Proposed polaritonic emitters, however, have a serious disadvantage: since each polariton (which has energy of the order of 1eV) can produce only one THz photon (with energy about 10 meV) most of the pumped energy is lost and the efficiency of the device remains small. The quantum (and power) efficiency of the proposed device can be increased if the polariton is made to emit several identical THz photons. A similar effect for electrons in superlattices [11] is used in the modern quantum cascade laser [12,13]. A system of equidistant polariton levels can be implemented if the exciton is quantized in a parabolic potential [14][15]. In the case of parabolic quantum wells, the transitions between equidistant electron levels (intersubband transition) manifests itself as peak in absorption and luminescence of TM-polarized light (pronounced even at room temperature), and the spectral position of the peak corresponds to intervals separating electron quantization levels. Recently, the system of equidistant states of bosons was considered and a bosonic cascade laser (BCL) was proposed. The BCL demonstrates a range of intriguing properties, such as nontrivial paritydependent effects and a quantization of the occupations of different excitonic modes [16].The aim of this paper is to develop further the theory of BCL and investigate double bosonic stimulation of THz emission in BCL: in the presence of the cavity for THz radiation, the rate of transitions between bosonic levels goes up with an increase of both the population of bosonic states and the THz mode. Quantitative analysis is presented for the set of parameters, characterizing a realistic pol...

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Transition from strong to ultrastrong coupling regime in mid-infrared metal-dielectric-metal cavities

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Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays

Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays

Electrodynamic modeling of strong coupling between a metasurface and intersubband transitions in quantum wells

Double-boson stimulated terahertz emission in a polariton cascade laser

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