Transition from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: Determining the predictors of reversion with multi‐state Markov models

Sanz-Blasco, Rubén; León, José María Ruiz Sánchez de; Ávila-Villanueva, Marina; Valentí-Soler, Meritxel; Gómez-Ramírez, Jaime; Fernández-Blázquez, Miguel A.

doi:10.1002/alz.12448

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Also, lifestyle-related factors like alcohol consumption have a role on this proportion ( Xu et al, 2009 ). Some of these factors could be modified to prevent the development of the disease ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this commentary, we have suggested the possible AD continuum shown in Figure 1 , but we would like to discuss whether it is unidirectional in all steps or it could be bidirectional in some of them ( Figure 1A ). We know, that it is not possible to revert dementia, but subjects from the previous step, MCI, could revert to normal condition in a significant proportion ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high proportion of MCI subjects can progress to dementia. Curiously, a similar proportion could revert to a normal cognitive situation ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ). Some features that could be involved in one or the opposite direction have already been suggested ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ), but further studies should be carried out.…”

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curiously, a similar proportion could revert to a normal cognitive situation ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ). Some features that could be involved in one or the opposite direction have already been suggested ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ), but further studies should be carried out. One example could be that circadian-rest activity could predict cognitive decline in MCI subjects ( Targa et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been shown that the likelihood of progression from MCI to dementia is very similar to the reversion from MCI to normal cognition ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ). Some factors involved in that reversion have been described ( Sanz-Blasco et al, 2021 ), but there are other features that should be analyzed, based on the previous history of the patient. For instance, we have previously commented on this minireview the possible role of chronic stress as a very early risk factor for dementia.…”

Section: Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment To Normal Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain Structural and Functional Changes in Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2022

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Cognitive neuropsychology seeks a potential alignment between structural and functional brain features to explain physiological or pathological processes, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several structural and functional brain changes occurring during the disease, including cognitive impairment, are found at the end of the patient’s life, but we need to know more about what happens before its onset. In order to do that, we need earlier biomarkers at preclinical stages, defined by those biomarkers, to prevent the cognitive impairment. In this minireview, we have tried to describe the structural and functional changes found at different stages during AD, focusing on those features taking place before clinical diagnosis.

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Section: Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversion In the Ad Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment To Normal Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain Structural and Functional Changes in Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2022

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Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15‐year follow‐up study

Li,

Dekhtyar,

Grande

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONWe investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death.METHODSThis population‐based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia‐free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data were analyzed using the Markov multistate models.RESULTSEach 1‐point increase in the composite CR score (range: ‐4.25 to 3.46) was significantly associated with lower risks of transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) (multivariable‐adjusted hazards ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.85) and death (0.85; 0.79–0.93), and from CIND to death (0.82; 0.73–0.91), but not from CIND to normal cognition or dementia. A greater composite CR score was associated with a lower risk of transition from CIND to death in people aged 60‐72 but not in those aged ≥ 78 years.DISCUSSIONCR contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia.Highlights We use Markov multistate model to examine the association between cognitive reserve and transitions across cognitive states and death. A great cognitive reserve contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia. A great cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of transition from cognitive impairment, no dementia to death in people at the early stage of old age, but not in those at the late stage of old age.

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Bidirectional transitions of sarcopenia states in older adults: The longitudinal evidence from CHARLS

Luo,

Zhou,

Heng

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundSarcopenia, the age‐related loss of muscle mass and function, brings multiple adverse outcomes including disability and death. Several sarcopenia consensuses have newly introduced the premorbid concept of possible sarcopenia and recommended early lifestyle interventions. Bidirectional transitions of premorbid states have been revealed in several chronic diseases yet not clarified in sarcopenia. This study aims to investigate the underlying transition patterns of sarcopenia states.MethodsThe study utilized three waves of data from a nationally representative survey, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and included community‐dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older with at least two sarcopenia states assessments based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria 2019 (AWGS2019) between 2011 and 2015. The estimated transition intensity and probability between non‐sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and death were investigated using multi‐stage Markov (MSM) models.ResultsThe study comprised 4395 individuals (49.2% female, median age 67 years) with a total of 10 778 records of sarcopenia state assessment, and the mean follow‐up period was 3.29 years. A total of 24.5% of individuals with a current state of possible sarcopenia returned to non‐sarcopenia, 60.3% remained possible sarcopenia, 6.7% progressed to sarcopenia, and 8.5% died by the next follow‐up. The transition intensity of recovery to non‐sarcopenia (0.252, 95% CI 0.231–0.275) was 2.8 times greater than the deterioration to sarcopenia (0.090, 95% CI 0.080–0.100) for individuals with possible sarcopenia. For individuals with possible sarcopenia, the estimated probabilities of recovering to non‐sarcopenia, progressing to sarcopenia, and transitioning to death within a 1‐year observation were 0.181, 0.066, and 0.035, respectively. For individuals with sarcopenia, the estimated probabilities of recovering to non‐sarcopenia, recovering to possible sarcopenia, and transitioning to death within 1‐year observation were 0.016, 0.125, and 0.075, respectively. In covariables analysis, age, sex, body mass index, physical function impairment, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes are important factors influencing bidirectional transitions.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the bidirectional transitions of sarcopenia states among older adults and reveal a notable proportion of possible sarcopenia show potential for recovery in the natural course. Screening and intensifying interventions based on risk factors may facilitate a recovery transition.

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Transition from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: Determining the predictors of reversion with multi‐state Markov models

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Brain Structural and Functional Changes in Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Brain Structural and Functional Changes in Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15‐year follow‐up study

Bidirectional transitions of sarcopenia states in older adults: The longitudinal evidence from CHARLS

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