Transit to parks: An environmental justice study of transit access to large parks in the U.S. West

Park, Keunhyun; Rigolon, Alessandro; Choi, Dong-ah; Lyons, Torrey; Brewer, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127055

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In the present paper, “access” is operationalized in two ways: physical proximity and the barriers that may prevent individuals and communities from meaningfully engaging with the space. For example, public transportation access to large parks is higher in Whiter neighborhoods (Park et al, 2021). Further, an investigation of the perceived safety of green spaces in five major U.S. cities found that communities of color and low-income communities disproportionately lack access to “safe” parks (Williams et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Science Of Nature and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact

LoTemplio,

McDonnell,

Nadkarni

et al. 2023

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

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Research suggests that spending time in nature is associated with numerous human behavioral health benefits, including improved executive functioning abilities, enhanced recovery from stressful situations, better mental health, and better educational outcomes. Greener neighborhoods also tend to have positive population-level health outcomes. Although promising, much of this research has focused primarily on selective populations and fails to account for cultural differences in how “nature” is conceptualized. Therefore, challenges may arise as policymakers aim to implement nature-based policies in their communities, given the immense cultural diversity of the United States alone. Given this ever-present challenge in behavioral sciences, policy recommendations aim both to maximize benefits of nature contact and to employ a flexible equity lens that allow for differences according to community need.

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Section: The Science Of Nature and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact

LoTemplio,

McDonnell,

Nadkarni

et al. 2023

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The choice of impedance function and the variables included can significantly affect the results of accessibility measurements (Kwan, 1998; Tahmasbi and Haghshenas, 2019). Various forms of impedance functions exist, such as (inverse) power (Chang et al, 2019; Park et al, 2021; Xu et al, 2015), exponential (Grengs, 2014; Karner, 2018), and Gaussian (Liang et al, 2023; Xing et al, 2020), as well as combinations of these functions (Vale and Pereira, 2016; Xu et al, 2015). The inverse power function, defined in equation (3), is one of the most common forms (Guagliardo, 2004; Tahmasbi and Haghshenas, 2019).…”

Section: Improving Gravity-based Accessibility Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improving Gravity-based Accessibility Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an impedance function, generalized costs are commonly expressed in terms of travel distance (Talen and Anselin, 1998), travel time (Chang et al, 2019; Liang and Zhang, 2017; Park et al, 2021), and monetary cost (El-Geneidy et al, 2016; Li et al, 2023). Among them, travel time is widely acknowledged as a more accurate measure of generalized cost in park accessibility studies, as it better aligns with people's perceptions (Chang et al, 2019; Park et al, 2021; Vale and Pereira, 2016). Existing literature typically assumes that all residents use their designated mode of transport to access parks, whether it be driving, walking, or public transport (Liang et al, 2023; Semenzato et al, 2023; Xing et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2015), with driving being a common mode of transport at the regional level (Dai, 2011; Gu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Improving Gravity-based Accessibility Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravity-based models for evaluating urban park accessibility: Why does localized selection of attractiveness factors and travel modes matter?

Chen,

Wang,

Qian

et al. 2023

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

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Gravity-based models have been extensively utilized in urban studies for measuring geographic disparities in access to urban parks over the past several decades. However, despite methodological advancements incorporating various aspects of accessibility, there has been limited focus on the impact of variable selection (e.g., attractiveness factors) and transport modes on accessibility evaluations. This study investigates the differences in gravity-based models for assessing park accessibility based on varying assumptions about attractiveness factors and travel impedance. Semi-structured interviews with local residents were conducted to identify the reasons for park visits in Shanghai. Our bivariate correlation analyses reveal that factors such as park openness and access to public transport were crucial, in addition to conventional factors identified in the literature (i.e., park size and driving accessibility). This insight led to the development of localized accessibility measurements that incorporate park inclusiveness (i.e., entrance fees and opening hours) and multimodal travel options (based on multinomial logistic mode choice models). The results indicate that the refined model produces lower and more varied accessibility levels, which can better capture accessibility gaps across different geographic contexts. This accurate and practical identification of accessibility gaps can assist local planners and decision-makers in formulating effective policies and strategies to promote equitable access to urban public parks.

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“…Despite feelings of connection to nature, however, significant obstacles exist for some individuals in the form of social, financial, and physical barriers to access [26][27][28][29][30][31] and experiences of discrimination and lack of safety within these spaces [32][33][34][35]. These barriers to access and participation are very likely to adversely impact intentions to visit nature.…”

Section: Need For Interventions To Increase Time Spent In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of self-efficacy and intention measures for spending time in nature

et al. 2022

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of self-efficacy and intentions measures for time spent in nature (TSN). TSN is related to improvement in psychological well-being and health, yet most American adults spend very little time in such settings. Theory-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity, a related behavior, and may be one mechanism to increase TSN. Self-efficacy and intentions have been shown to be strong predictors of health behaviors and are used across several theories. However, scales to measure these factors have not yet been developed and are needed to facilitate effective interventions. Methods TSN self-efficacy and intentions scales were developed using a sequential nine-step procedure: identification of the domain and item generation; content validity; pre-testing of questions; sampling and survey administration; item reduction; extraction of factors; tests of dimensionality; tests of reliability; and tests of validity. The 14-member multidisciplinary, researcher and practitioner investigative team generated 50 unique items for self-efficacy and 24 unique items for intentions. After subjecting items to content validity and pre-testing, item sets were reduced to 21 assessing self-efficacy and nine assessing intentions. A nationwide sample of 2109 adult participants (49.7% female, Mean Age = 58.1; 59.8% White, 18.4% Hispanic, 13.3% Black) answered these items via an on-line survey. Results Using split-half measures, principal components analysis indicated a one-factor solution for both scales. The factor structure was upheld in confirmatory factor analyses and had high internal consistency (α = .93 self-efficacy; .91 intentions). The scales were moderately correlated with each other (r = .56, p < .001) and were strongly related to TSN with large effect sizes (eta2 > .20). Conclusions The study resulted in reliable and valid self-efficacy (14 items) and intentions (8 items) scales that can be used to develop future theory-based interventions to increase TSN and thereby improve population health.

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Transit to parks: An environmental justice study of transit access to large parks in the U.S. West

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact

Healthy by Nature: Policy Practices Aimed at Maximizing the Human Behavioral Health Benefits of Nature Contact

Gravity-based models for evaluating urban park accessibility: Why does localized selection of attractiveness factors and travel modes matter?

Development and validation of self-efficacy and intention measures for spending time in nature

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