Transit-Oriented Development in New Towns: Identifying Its Association with Urban Function in Shanghai, China

Abstract

Transit-oriented development (TOD) construction is considered critical for economic growth and the population’s daily well-being in suburban development. However, there are few empirical evaluations of TOD performance and typology in suburban areas of high-density cities. In this study, we selected 23 metro stations in the five new towns in Shanghai as research objects to understand their TOD characteristics. By proposing a data-driven framework built on points of interest (PoIs) to characterize urban functions of metro stations in new towns, four thematic topic functions were extracted by implementing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Five types of stations were revealed through a hierarchical cluster analysis based on their main functions. Then, an extended “Node-Place” model with a third “design” dimension was applied to classify TOD typologies. After establishing an evaluation framework by calculating the results of 15 indicators, five TOD topologies were identified through hierarchical cluster analysis. In addition, results from the ANOVA analysis showed that the classification according to thematic topics changes according to the “place” dimension indicators. Ultimately, the identified urban thematic function types and TOD types provide a useful tool for planners and governors to diagnose common problems and design targeted strategies in new towns.

Measuring metro station area's TODness: An exploratory study of Shenyang based on multi‐source urban data

“…We initially collected 74 indicators of “Transit,” “Oriented,” and “Development” from the worldwide TOD literature to build and implement our expanded node–place model (Figure 3). Based on previous studies (Kamruzzaman, Baker, et al., 2014; Lyu et al., 2016; Qiang et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2017; Sung & Oh, 2011; Vale, 2015; Zhang et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2019), a comprehensive system of TODness indicators was systematically reviewed and categorized into three distinct dimensions: transportation (T), pedestrian‐oriented (O), and urban development (D). Specifically, “T” represents transportation efficiency, “D” the degree of land use, and “O” pedestrian‐oriented functional and morphological features.…”

“…We initially collected 74 indicators of "Transit," "Oriented," and "Development" from the worldwide TOD literature to build and implement our expanded node-place model (Figure 3). Based on previous studies (Kamruzzaman, Baker, et al, 2014;Lyu et al, 2016;Qiang et al, 2022;Singh et al, 2017;Sung & Oh, 2011;Vale, 2015;Zhang et al, 2022;Zhou et al, 2019) Furthermore, the indicators must be quantifiable using information available to the general public. The number of indications for each type of TOD was equal.…”