Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

Sustainable urban transit network design

“…Total welfare maximization is the most common objective used by recent publications and combines factors such as user and operator costs, unsatisfied demand and external costs (Fan et al, 2008;Beltran et al, 2009;Mauttone and Urquhart, 2009a,b;Marín and Jaramillo, 2009;Shimamoto et al, 2010;Han et al, 2011;Estrada et al, 2011;Gallo et al, 2011;Blum and Mathew, 2011;Roca-Riu et al 2012;Cipriani et al, 2012b). Only user cost minimization is considered in other papers in the form of travel, transfer, and waiting time minimization (Zhao and Zeng, 2008;Fan and Mumford, 2010;Szeto and Wu, 2011;Shafahi and Khani, 2010;Nikolić and Teodorović , 2013), equity (Ferguson et al, 2012), and service provision maximization (Curtin and Biba, 2011).…”

“…In such cases, metaheuristics guide hybrid processes for determining routes, frequencies and other network parameters to improved solutions (Kepaptsoglou and Karlaftis, 2009). Relevant efforts include Genetic Algorithms (Fan et al, 2008;Beltran et al, 2009;Shafahi and Khani, 2010;Shimamoto et al, 2010;Szeto and Wu, 2011;Han et al, 2011;Cipriani et al, 2012a,b;Ferguson et al, 2012), Simulated Annealing (Zhao and Zeng, 2008;Fan et al 2008;Fan and Mumford, 2010;Han et al, 2011), Tabu Search (Zhao andZeng, 2008;Han et al, 2011;Roca-Riu et al, 2012), Ant Colony Optimization (Blum and Mathew, 2011;Yu et al, 2012), and Bee Colony Optimization (Nikolić and Teodorović , 2013).…”

“…Among studies that have included some form of environmental concerns are the papers by Delle Filippi (1995, 2001) which incorporate fuel consumption minimization in designing a bus network; veh-km are used as a proxy for consumption. Beltran et al (2009) consider a heterogeneous fleet of conventional and ecological buses with restrictions in the conventional vehicle network configuration, while Gallo et al (2011) offer a TRNDP approach in which external costs minimization (private vehicle traffic) is a design objective. Fusco et al (2013) evaluate the effects of using a combined natural gas and electric vehicle fleet on the network's operating costs.…”

Evaluation of an existing bus network using a transit network optimisation model: a case study of the Hiroshima City Bus network

“…Petrelli (2004) developed a model framework that combined the TRNDP and a transit assignment model considering common lines (although some details of the transit assignment model were omitted). Beltran et al (2009) extended their model to determine the allocation of a limited number of environmentally friendly vehicles and applied the model to a real-size network. Ibeas et al (2010) proposed a model for deciding the optimal location of bus stops and applied the model to a real network.…”

Green logistic network design : intermodal transportation planning and vehicle routing problems.

“…For example, some firms focus on reducing emissions caused by physical processes, and recommend redesigning or replacing inefficient parts of equipment, using lowemission or renewable energy and shipping through efficient routes 2 (Benjaafar et al, 2010). Figure 1 shows a categorization of green logistic problems according to classifications in different literatures, including Beltran et al (2009), Janic (2011, Macharis and Bontekoning (2004), Quariguasi et al (2009), Sasikumar et al (2010 and Iakovou et al (2010). Green logistics, with consideration of social, economic and environmental factors, basically focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions during the production and distribution process in a sustainable way ).…”