Transit and residence times in the surface Adriatic Sea as derived from drifter data and Lagrangian numerical simulations

Poulain, Pierre‐Marie; Hariri, Saeed

doi:10.5194/osd-10-197-2013

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since its value is fairly small, direct observations of U are subject to large RMS errors so the error in such direct observations exceeds the mean value (see e.g., Notarstefano et al., 2008). However, estimates of the residence time of drifters in the Sea yield an average value of under 200 days (Poulain & Hariri, 2013). In the 800 km long Sea this residence time implies a mean speed of about 0.04 ms −1 .…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrainment Rates and Eddy Exchange Coefficients From Reanalysis Sea Surface Salinity Data

Paldor

Shamir

Yacoby

2023

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1900 the Danish oceanographer Martin Knudsen developed a model that relates vertical salinity variations to the exchange of water between a river and the adjacent estuary (an English translation of Knudsen's work, published originally in German, can be found in Burchard et al., 2018). In the 120 years that elapsed from its development the model has become textbook material (e.g., Knauss & Garfield, 2016) and was extensively used for estimating the horizontal transports in and out of semi-enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean sea (e.g., Bryden & Kinder, 1991), the Red sea (e.g., Sofianos & Johns, 2002) and the Gulf of Elat (e.g., Paldor & Anati, 1979;Wolf-Vecht et al., 1992). In these applications, transports in and out of a basin are required to balance the excess of evaporation over precipitation (including river run-off) in the basin. The controlling parameter in these applications is the difference between the Sea Surface Salinity (SSS hereafter) and the salinity of a deeper layer where the presumed return flow out of the basin takes place.More sophisticated and detailed applications of the Eulerian form of the conservation of salt and water were subsequently developed using salinity coordinates. This approach examines the conservation of salt and water in a closed sub-domain bounded on one of its sides by a (curved) isohaline. Two oceanic circumstances in which the application of this idea proved fruitful include the vertical and horizontal mixing of river plumes in estuaries (e.g., Hetland, 2005Hetland, , 2010 and the decadal changes that occur in the two-layer exchange between two intermediate size seas-the Baltic Sea and the North Sea (Burchard et al., 2018).A Lagrangian variant of Knudsen's model is the Evaporation Length schema, developed in Berman et al. (2019). This schema focuses on the horizontal change in SSS that occurs due to net evaporation, q, (i.e., evaporation minus total fresh water influx) in a column of water that flows in a current that extends between the ocean surface (z = 0) and a constant depth z = −h. The schema utilizes the change in salinity along the current to calculate a parameter termed Evaporation Length defined by

show abstract

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrainment Rates and Eddy Exchange Coefficients From Reanalysis Sea Surface Salinity Data

Paldor

Shamir

Yacoby

2023

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Gulf of Trieste covers an area of 600 km 2 , has a maximal depth of 25 m and is isolated from the rest of the Northern Adriatic by a 100 m-deep shoal. This leads to water residence times of about 250 days (Poulain and Hariri, 2013), which is twice as long as in the Southern Adriatic Sea. The salinity of bottom waters ranges from 36 to 38.5 and bottom-water temperatures range from 8 • C in winter to 20 • C in summer.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentation rate, determined by 210 Pb, is approximately 1.2 mm yr −1 (Ogorelec et al, 1991). The sediment surface is covered by microalgae, mostly diatoms (Bertuzzi et al, 1997), which greatly contribute to the sedimentary organic carbon (OC) input (Ogrinc et al, 2005). The OC content in superficial sediment is about 0.65 wt % (Koron et al, 2013;Ogrinc et al, 2005).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificially induced migration of redox layers in a coastal sediment from the Northern Adriatic

Metzger¹,

Langlet²,

Viollier³

et al. 2013

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long term experimental studies suggest that, under anoxic transient conditions, redox fronts within the sediment shift upwards causing sequential rise and fall of benthic fluxes of reduced species (Mn(II), Fe(II) than S(−II)). Infaunal benthic organisms are associated to different redox fronts as micro-habitats and must be affected by such changes during natural hypoxia events. In order to document geochemical evolution of the sediment during prolonged anoxia in a realistic system, benthic chambers were deployed on the seafloor of the Northern Adriatic and sampled after 9, 30 and 315 days of incubation. Oxygen and sulfide were measured continuously in the early stages of the experiment (during 9 days). High-resolution porewater profiles were sampled by DET probes and redox sensitive species were analysed (alkalinity, SO₄^2–, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺).

After 7 days, anoxia was reached within the chambers. Mn and Fe started diffusing towards the water column giving a rusty color to the seafloor. Infaunal species appeared at the surface. After 20 days, all macro-organisms were dead. Macro-organisms decomposition laying on the seafloor generated important production of sulfides within the chamber generating a downward flux of sulfide towards the sediment where sulfides were quickly oxidized by metallic oxides or precipitated as FeS. Sulfide was no more detectable in the water column and porewaters at the end of the experiment. Therefore, our results suggest that sulfide enrichment in the water column in coastal systems is strongly controlled by the biomass of benthic macrofauna and its decay during hypoxia while its residence time in water column is controlled by iron content (as solid oxides or as dissolved reduced cation) within the sediment, even without water circulation

show abstract

“…, which is the ratio 393 between the exchange flow in the LOICZ model (Officer, 1980;Swaney et al, 2011) , and thus the ratio…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant exchange rates in estuaries – New formulae accounting for advection and dispersion

Andutta

Ridd

Deleersnijder

et al. 2014

Progress in Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transport timescales of water in an estuary are important measurements for 22 monitoring pollution threats to the estuarine ecosystem. In this study we re-evaluated the 23 application of simple analytical solutions to estimate these timescales and found that the Land 24 Ocean Interaction Costal Zone model (LOICZ) uses similar equation as from the Fresh Water 25 Fraction model, and thus often resulting in shortened transport timescales. Therefore, the LOICZ 26 model is neither based upon the well-known Knudsen relation nor Fischer formulation. Three 27 transport timescales, namely water renewal, residence time and exposure time were calculated using 28 analytical solutions for a range of estuaries worldwide. The analytical results were compared with 29 available estimates of residence times from numerical models. The theoretical formulation from the 30 LOICZ, the fresh water fraction model, and a newly proposed modified LOICZ model were used to 31 calculate water renewal. Residence times and exposure times were calculated using the Constituent-32 oriented Age and Residence time Theory (CART). The modified LOICZ model was found to be the 33 most comparable to residence times from numerical models, with r 2 ~ 0.7. In addition to the 34 proposed modified LOICZ model (which uses Fischer formulation), we have developed an 35 *Manuscript 2 advection-dispersion timescale diagram. This graphic conceptual model provides a visual 36 representation of the relative contribution of advective and dispersive processes to water renewal 37 for different estuaries. Estuaries can be categorized as either dominated by dispersion, dominated by 38 advection, or having dispersion and advection of similar magnitude.

show abstract

Transit and residence times in the surface Adriatic Sea as derived from drifter data and Lagrangian numerical simulations

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Entrainment Rates and Eddy Exchange Coefficients From Reanalysis Sea Surface Salinity Data

Entrainment Rates and Eddy Exchange Coefficients From Reanalysis Sea Surface Salinity Data

Artificially induced migration of redox layers in a coastal sediment from the Northern Adriatic

Contaminant exchange rates in estuaries – New formulae accounting for advection and dispersion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About