Transient water table rise with canal seepage and recharge

Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions Between Irrigation Ditches, Alluvial Aquifers, and Streams

“…Stable isotope studies have confirmed the irrigation ditch seepage origin of recharge that causes a rise in local groundwater levels (Harvey and Sibray, 2001). Modeling studies have reinforced the temporal transience of this groundwater mound in shallow alluvial aquifers (Youngs, 1977;Ram et al, 1994;Yussuf et al, 1994). If lining ditches enables irrigators to consume more of the water entering a ditch, and there is less seepage and return flow, lining the ditches may affect timing and the amount of downstream river flow.…”

Water flow from a horizontal tunnel in an unsaturated zone

“…A number of investigators have studied the recharge due to canal seepage and its effect on the water table rise (Schmid and Luthin, 1964;Hantush, 1967;Marino, 1974;Gill, 1984;Mustafa, 1987;Singh, 1992, 1995;Ram et al, 1994;Manglik et al, 1997). In most of these studies the amount of recharge was assumed constant (Mustafa, 1987;Singh, 1992, 1995;Ram et al, 1994), and in some cases to decrease with time (Gill, 1984;Manglik et al, 1997).…”

“…Utilization of unlined horizontal tunnels for irrigation, conveyance of water from the reservoir to the field, and transit of water from saturated zones to the surface has been introduced in many arid and semi-arid regions (Todd, 1959;Mustafa, 1987;Singh, 1992, 1995;Ram et al, 1994;Manglik et al, 1997). Seepage from unlined tunnels is a great waste of the precious water resources in arid and semi-arid regions and leads to build up of the water table that creates problems of water logging and salinity.…”

“…In most of these studies the amount of recharge was assumed constant (Mustafa, 1987;Singh, 1992, 1995;Ram et al, 1994), and in some cases to decrease with time (Gill, 1984;Manglik et al, 1997). The field experiments also showed that the rate of recharge from the canals decreased with time (Zomorodi, 1991).…”

River Hydrograph Retransmission Functions of Irrigated Valley Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions

“…The rise and decay of groundwater mounds in response to deep percolation are affected by the shape of the recharging area ͑Hantush 1967͒. Modeling studies have illustrated the temporal transience of this groundwater mound in unconfined aquifers ͑Youngs 1977; Gill 1984;Yussuff et al 1994;Ram et al 1994;Upadhyaya and The few studies that have directly shown field deep percolation recharge to shallow groundwater illustrate the dependence of recharge rates on vadose zone soil structure. Ochoa et al ͑2007͒ found that in a sandy loam soil, a significant percentage ͑25-60%͒ of water applied to a flood-irrigated alfalfa-grass mixture percolated below the root zone, and that a transient water table rise of up to 380 mm/year was associated with irrigation events.…”