Transient up- and down-regulation of expression of myosin light chain 2 and myostatin mRNA mark the changes from stratified hyperplasia to muscle fiber hypertrophy in larvae of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Georgiou, Stella; Alami-Durante, Hélène; Power, Deborah M.; Sarropoulou, Elena; Mamuris, Zissis; Moutou, Katerina A.

doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2254-0

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This coincides with the upregulation of MLC gene expression observed in the white muscle of rainbow trout (58) and zebrafish (70) under sustained swimming. Very recently, this molecule has been related to the intensive stratified formation of new fibers during muscle growth in larvae of gilthead sea bream (38). Moreover, in concordance with previous studies, it has been suggested that MLC2A is more involved in larval growth (mainly hyperplasic growth) whereas MLC2B is more related to the hypertrophic growth that takes places in the adult stages (39,67).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Vélez

Azizi

Capilla

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Swimming activity primarily accelerates growth in fish by increasing protein synthesis and energy efficiency. The role of muscle in this process is remarkable and especially important in teleosts, where muscle represents a high percentage of body weight and because many fish species present continuous growth. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of 5 wk of moderate and sustained swimming in gene and protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, proliferation markers, and proteolytic molecules in two muscle regions (anterior and caudal) of gilthead sea bream fingerlings. Western blot results showed an increase in the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteolytic system members calpain 1 and cathepsin D, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR data showed that exercise increased the gene expression of proteases (calpains, cathepsins, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the anterior muscle region) and the gene expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the myogenic factor MyoD in the caudal area compared with control fish. Overall, these data suggest a differential response of the two muscle regions during swimming adaptation, with tissue remodeling and new vessel formation occurring in the anterior muscle and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation occurring in the caudal area. In summary, the present study contributes to improving the knowledge of the role of proteolytic molecules and other myogenic factors in the adaptation of muscle to moderate sustained swimming in gilthead sea bream.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Vélez

Azizi

Capilla

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Concerning muscle structural components, mlc2a and mlc2b showed an inverse profile, with mlc2a expression not changing with fasting but showing a significant increase at 24 h refeeding to return to basal levels at day 7. Bower and Johnston 37 also found in Atlantic salmon an increase of mlc2 after 14 days of refeeding, and previous studies in gilthead sea bream 22,23,54 showed that an increase in specifically, mlc2a expression, indicates a condition that favors muscle proliferation. In this sense, in the present study the mlc2a peak at 24 h refeeding paralleled the tendency to enhance the expression of pax7, pcna, tor and the MRFs involved in early myogenesis (myod2 and myf5), facilitating the muscle to grow during this period of compensatory growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Regulatory mechanisms involved in muscle and bone remodeling during refeeding in gilthead sea bream

Lavajoo

Perelló-Amorós

Vélez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The tolerance of fish to fasting offers a model to study the regulatory mechanisms and changes produced when feeding is restored. Gilthead sea bream juveniles were exposed to a 21-days fasting period followed by 2 h to 7-days refeeding. Fasting provoked a decrease in body weight, somatic indexes, and muscle gene expression of members of the Gh/Igf system, signaling molecules (akt, tor and downstream effectors), proliferation marker pcna, myogenic regulatory factors, myostatin, and proteolytic molecules such as cathepsins or calpains, while most ubiquitin-proteasome system members increased or remained stable. In bone, downregulated expression of Gh/Igf members and osteogenic factors was observed, whereas expression of the osteoclastic marker ctsk was increased. Refeeding recovered the expression of Gh/Igf system, myogenic and osteogenic factors in a sequence similar to that of development. Akt and Tor phosphorylation raised at 2 and 5 h post-refeeding, much faster than its gene expression increased, which occurred at day 7. The expression in bone and muscle of the inhibitor myostatin (mstn2) showed an inverse profile suggesting an inter-organ coordination that needs to be further explored in fish. Overall, this study provides new information on the molecules involved in the musculoskeletal system remodeling during the early stages of refeeding in fish.conditions has been characterized and the ratio of the circulating levels of Gh and Igf1 is considered a good marker of growth quality in terms of its relation with body indexes or muscle fibers composition 12,13 .Muscle growth is also controlled by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) (MyoD, Myf5, Myog and Mrf4), and the negative endogenous regulator myostatin, as well as other factors that control sequentially the process of development and growth 6,14,15 . The effects of fasting and refeeding on myogenesis have been studied in diverse fish species 6,10,16 demonstrating the function of the different MRFs during the metabolic arrest caused with food limitation and the subsequent activation when feeding is restored. Furthermore, during fasting and refeeding, proteolytic molecules play a remarkable role to adapt to the changes in amino acids supply. This is more important in fish that have a specific and enhanced protein metabolism. The main endogenous proteolytic systems, each one performing specific degradative or regulatory functions according to the nutritional conditions are, calpains, cathepsins and ubiquitin-proteasome, all of which are well-known in fish, especially salmonids [17][18][19] , but also in gilthead sea bream [20][21][22] .In addition to muscle, bone is also an important tissue for skeletal and locomotion functions, but also, as a reservoir of minerals that is clearly affected when nutrition is restricted. Essential during development, synchronicity between bone and muscle is required for proper musculoskeletal growth 23,24 . Besides to being induced by the Gh/Igf system, the process of osteogenesis is also regulated by skeleton-derived factors that...

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“…The exact role of fibrillar collagens during muscle development in vertebrates is unclear. It is thought that the lateral and dorsoventral ends of the dermomyotome are a source of muscle fibers for secondary myogenesis, also known as stratified hyperplasia, and that these muscle fibers will have a distinct composition compared to the primary myofibers ( Barresi et al, 2001 ; Georgiou et al, 2016 ; Chu et al, 2018 ). The presence of specific collagens in the medial or lateral domains of the dermomyotome indicate that, by these developmental stages, they are likely beginning to differentiate between the dermis and these secondary muscle fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrillar Collagens in Lamprey Suggests a Conserved Role in Vertebrate Musculoskeletal Evolution

Root

Allen

Gould

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Vertebrates have distinct tissues which are not present in invertebrate chordates nor other metazoans. The rise of these tissues also coincided with at least one round of whole-genome duplication as well as a suite of lineage-specific segmental duplications. Understanding whether novel genes lead to the origin and diversification of novel cell types, therefore, is of great importance in vertebrate evolution. Here we were particularly interested in the evolution of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system, the muscles and connective tissues that support a diversity of body plans. A major component of the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix (ECM) is fibrillar collagens, a gene family which has been greatly expanded upon in vertebrates. We thus asked whether the repertoire of fibrillar collagens in vertebrates reflects differences in the musculoskeletal system. To test this, we explored the diversity of fibrillar collagens in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate which diverged from jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) more than five hundred million years ago and has undergone its own gene duplications. Some of the principal components of vertebrate hyaline cartilage are the fibrillar collagens type II and XI, but their presence in cartilage development across all vertebrate taxa has been disputed. We particularly emphasized the characterization of genes in the lamprey hyaline cartilage, testing if its collagen repertoire was similar to that in gnathostomes. Overall, we discovered thirteen fibrillar collagens from all known gene subfamilies in lamprey and were able to identify several lineage-specific duplications. We found that, while the collagen loci have undergone rearrangement, the Clade A genes have remained linked with the hox clusters, a phenomenon also seen in gnathostomes. While the lamprey muscular tissue was largely similar to that seen in gnathostomes, we saw considerable differences in the larval lamprey skeletal tissue, with distinct collagen combinations pertaining to different cartilage types. Our gene expression analyses were unable to identify type II collagen in the sea lamprey hyaline cartilage nor any other fibrillar collagen during chondrogenesis at the stages observed, meaning that sea lamprey likely no longer require these genes during early cartilage development. Our findings suggest that fibrillar collagens were multifunctional across the musculoskeletal system in the last common ancestor of vertebrates and have been largely conserved, but these genes alone cannot explain the origin of novel cell types.

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Transient up- and down-regulation of expression of myosin light chain 2 and myostatin mRNA mark the changes from stratified hyperplasia to muscle fiber hypertrophy in larvae of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Cited by 12 publications

References 92 publications

Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Regulatory mechanisms involved in muscle and bone remodeling during refeeding in gilthead sea bream

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrillar Collagens in Lamprey Suggests a Conserved Role in Vertebrate Musculoskeletal Evolution

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