Transient thermal effect of high power laser mirrors and its propagating characters of far-field

On the different ways for defining the effective focal length of a Kerr lens effect

“…Several physical effects in laser optics can change the transverse distribution of the refractive index of the material under study, leading to what can be considered as a distributed lensing effect (DLE). Among the most important of them, we can quote thermal lensing [1][2][3], population lensing [4][5][6], effects in laser materials and optical Kerr lens effects [7]. Note that a powerful analytical method called Thermal Lens Spectroscopy [8,9], which is more sensitive than conventional spectrophotometry techniques by several orders of magnitude [10], is based on DLE induced in the sample by thermo-optical effects resulting from the absorption of a laser pump beam.…”

Heat Transfer and Thermal Deformation Characteristics of Liquid-Cooled Laser Mirror

“…Initially, for acquiring the temperature field, the average heat transfer coefficient calculated from empirical formulas was employed to solve the heat conduction equation [6–8]. Later, to achieve a higher precision, the analytical solution for the temperature distribution of mirrors was obtained by using integral transform technique [9], Green's functions [10, 11], finite difference method [12], and finite element method [13]. In the previous studies, the fluid flow and conjugated heat transfer process on the interface were assumed to be homogeneous process for simplifying the calculation.…”

“…Later, to achieve a higher precision, the analytical solution for the temperature distribution of mirrors was obtained by using integral transform technique [9], Green's functions [10,11], finite difference method [12], and finite 2 Advances in Mechanical Engineering element method [13]. In the previous studies, the fluid flow and conjugated heat transfer process on the interface were assumed to be homogeneous process for simplifying the calculation.…”