Transient temperature and stress fields on bonding small glass pieces to solder glass by laser welding: Numerical modelling and experimental validation

Nemera

Nwokeji

2020

STVE

Self Cite

This study bestows an essential abridged review of the manifestations of carbon capture & storage (CCS) systems and the ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. This research implicates that CCS system is evolving in capturing CO 2 emissions from coal-fired electrical power stations to further mitigate climate change. Different manifestations are discussed for capturing and storing the CO 2 with repercussions on operating costs, toxicity and energy efficiency. Chemical Looping Combustion appears to be the more energy efficient than Oxy-fuel CFBC and Ionic Liquids, and less expensive than Calcium Looping and Amine Scrubbing. Calcium Looping (Cal) and Ionic Liquids are also less toxic than Amine Scrubbing. Direct air technology is also very compelling at capturing CO 2 emissions but highly expensive. Nevertheless, further research is still required for all CCS systems to be able to implement them widely in existing/new electrical power stations. Waste heat energy recovery systems can be used in conjunction with CO 2 capture systems for further reduction of emissions. The ambivalence of quantum dot and organic solar cells are briefly reviewed. It implicates that composite film with enhanced quantum dot effects will make the film highly transparent and options of tunability of its color spectrum make the quantum dot solar cells highly attractive to a wide variety of applications. Organic solar cells are carbon-rich polymers and can be designed to improve a precise function of the cell, such as sensitivity to a certain type of light. OPV cells can only be considered as half-competent to crystalline silicon and have smaller beneficial lifespans, but could be less costly to produce in high volumes. Current research issues are substitution/compromises between electrical power conversion efficiency and average visible light transmittance. However, improving average light-transmittance decreases electrical power conversion efficiency and vice versa.

Section: Techniques To Establish Quantum Dotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestations of carbon capture-storage and ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic solar cells: An indispensable abridged review

Nemera

Nwokeji

2020

STVE

Self Cite

“…The glass sheets are in contact with the pillars and endure from internal stresses and radial tensile stresses externally due to the difference between atmospheric and vacuum pressure [47]. The pillars should be made from an appropriate material, with size and spacing to withstand the external atmospheric pressure on the glazing [48]. Suitable pillar materials are divided into ceramics, such as alumina; and metals, such as stainless steel (k= 16 Wm -1 K -1 and Inconel 718 (a nickel-based alloy, k=11.4 Wm -1 K -1 ).…”

Section: Support Pillar Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance parameters of vacuum glazed smart windows to net zero energy buildings

Fang

Abo-Zahhad

et al. 2020

STVE

Self Cite

The progression of smart technologies such as vacuum glazed windows are considered a realistic achievement of the net energy zero buildings (NZEBs). From designers to researchers to builders, there has been an increasing concern about understanding the inter-dependencies between the parameters and influencing factors that determine the performance of vacuum glazed smart windows. This research reviews the performance parameters such as thermal transmittance (U value), thermal resistance (R value), solar transmittance (g value), visible light transmittance (v value) and thermal resistance of residual gas space (Rgas value). These are interdependent on factors such as edge seal, support pillar array, low emittance coatings, getters, and effective evacuation process. This research implicates that effective hermetic edge seal provides longevity such as fusion and solder glass edge sealed vacuum glazing could be cost-effective and energy efficient solution. Stainless steel support pillar array is an unavoidable compromise on U value. This review shows that an increase of the size of glass sheet increases support pillar array improving the overall U value. Also, an addition of low emittance coatings enhances U value whilst maintaining v value. To improve the overall life span of the vacuum glazed smart window, an incorporation of combo-getter that absorb any gases released from the internal glass surfaces in to into the vacuum cavity from the glass surface which prevents degradation of vacuum pressure and provide long term vacuum pressure stability in the vacuum glazed smart window. A recent improvement in the understanding of evacuation process shows that hot-plate surface heat induction of 60˚C improved the vacuum pressure and mitigates the pump-out hole sealing process whilst lessening the temperature induced stresses.

“…According to UK Government regulation 25B introduced into the Building regulations in 2012 [40] to transpose buildings to nearly zero energy buildings [41,42] and PartL1A 2016 recommended zero energy homes with an equivalent zero CO2 emissions. It can be achieved with effective wall and windows insulations such as vacuum glazing [43][44][45][46][47][48][49], triple vacuum glazing [50][51][52][53][54] and/or vacuum insulation panel with semi-transparent PV films [41,42] on building façade for minimising the heat loss and generating electricity. More importantly, it requires standalone power generation to distant coastline community houses.…”

Section: Prognostication Of Zero Energy Coastline Houses In the Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave energy in the UK: Current scope, challenges and prognostications

Lawal

Tariq

et al. 2020

STVE

Self Cite

This paper reviews the current status, challenges and prognostications of wave energy systems (WES), which have momentous scope in the UK that could deliver the UK's net zero energy target by 2050. In Britain, there are 43 primary seaside towns around the coast in which 37 are in England that encompass a collective population of 2.9 million and signify around 5.7 % of the population of England as a whole where the zero energy coastline house projects can be initiated with WES. The progress in the development of standalone WES for a vision of zero energy coastline houses is still in its initial stages. This paper exhibited a brief review of the onshore, nearshore and offshore WES technologies, particular focus was made to the scope in the UK. The feasibility and efficiency of WES study imply that the power take off (PTO) efficiency is crucially important as the overall output depends on the optimum energy harness from WES that will improve its competitive prowess with other renewable technologies and further reduce the cost of WES manufacturing. This study implicates one of prognostications that developing marine energy resources in the UK can save 60 metric tons of carbon dioxide by 2025. This study also concluded that WES can pose environmental challenges such as alterations of water column to biota and sea-bed habitats, dredging, noise and vibrations. The prognostication of zero energy coastline houses arises due to the location of the UK, which is one of the major determinants for the future success of wave energy projects, as the UK is located at the long fetch of the Atlantic Ocean and has the wind direction from the west. The available resource to harness wave energy in the UK is around 120 GW.