Transient Strain-Induced Electronic Structure Modulation in a Semiconducting Polymer Imaged by Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

Kim, Tae-Yong; Oh, Saejin; Choudhry, Usama; Meinhart, Carl; Chabinyc, Michael L.; Liao, Bolin

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02963

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For PNCs with 0.9 and 2.2 vol %, NP clusters are all well-separated. Moreover, NP clusters appear in non-spherical shape preferably along one direction, highlighting the strong influence of polymer processing on the morphology of NP clusters. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Nanoparticle Clustering and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Non-Attractive Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions

et al. 2022

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Combining X-ray tomography and rheology, we investigate the nanoparticle (NP) clustering and viscoelastic properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with non-attractive polymer–NP interactions. X-ray tomography reveals linear and compact NP clusters with preferential orientations rather than tenuous NP clustering structures, highlighting the non-equilibrium nature of NP clustering and the influence of processing on morphology of NP clusters. Detailed analyses show that the number density of NP clusters of N NPs follows P(N) ≈ N –k exp(−N/N*) with N* as a constant and k ≈ 1.8 ± 0.2. Moreover, varying the polymer–NP interactions from strongly repulsive to nearly athermal does not alter noticeably the clustering and the percolation behavior of the NP phase. Linear viscoelastic measurements reveal negligible dynamics slowing down and unexpectedly weak mechanical reinforcement of PNCs following the classical Guth–Gold relation, in sharp contrast to the strong NP clustering from structure characterizations. These results point to qualitatively different clustering behaviors and mechanical reinforcement of PNCs with non-attractive polymer–NP interactions from those with strong attractive interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover, NP clusters appear in non-spherical shape preferably along one direction, highlighting the strong influence of polymer processing on the morphology of NP clusters. 72,73 3.2.2. 3D Reconstruction.…”

Section: Surface Energy Of Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Clustering and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Non-Attractive Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions

et al. 2022

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“…Our experimental setup for the SEI and EDS measurements is hosted at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB); it is identical to that described in ref. 53 , and the principle of operation is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 A.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

et al. 2023

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibiting exceptional photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties are of fundamental and practical interest, owing to their tunability and low manufacturing cost. For practical applications, however, challenges such as material instability and the photocurrent hysteresis occurring in perovskite solar cells under light exposure need to be understood and addressed. While extensive investigations have suggested that ion migration is a plausible origin of these detrimental effects, detailed understanding of the ion migration pathways remains elusive. Here, we report the characterization of photo-induced ion migration in perovskites using in situ laser illumination inside a scanning electron microscope, coupled with secondary electron imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence with varying primary electron energies. Using methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide as model systems, we observed photo-induced long-range migration of halide ions over hundreds of micrometers and elucidated the transport pathways of various ions both near the surface and inside the bulk of the samples, including a surprising finding of the vertical migration of lead ions. Our study provides insights into ion migration processes in perovskites that can aid perovskite material design and processing in future applications.

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“…[97,106,107] Furthermore, 4D electron microscopy could track transient structures and morphologies in some specific solid-liquid reactions. [108][109][110][111] The chemical etching pathways can be influenced by the factors of the ligands, temperature, potential, and pH of liquids could change. We should make efforts to quantify these factors and explore the etching reaction under different conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Dynamic Oxidative Etching Mechanisms of Nanostructured Metals/Metallic Oxides in Liquid Media Through In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Zhang

Sun

Kang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Oxidative etching in nanostructured metals and metallic oxides plays a fundamental role in numerous areas of chemical synthesis and materials processing for the semiconductor industry. An in-depth understanding of the oxidative etching mechanisms is of great significance to design various fascinating nanomaterials for practical application. In situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has the merits of high temporal and spatial resolutions in real-time, and thus it can provide solid evidence directly for the dynamic evaluation of oxidative etching in nanostructured materials that occur in solution. Herein, the recent progress of oxidative etching in nanostructured metals and metallic oxides is overviewed. First, the advancements in liquid cells designs are briefly introduced for in situ TEM observation. Subsequently, in situ liquid cell TEM/STEM advances for the oxide etching mechanisms in different surface chemistry surroundings are systematically described. In addition, both the galvanic replacement and electrochemical etching reactions are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in utilizing the in situ liquid cell TEM technique to visualize a specific dynamic oxidative etching process are proposed. This review will provide deep insights into dynamic changes in oxidative etching processes of nanostructured materials and assist in formulating design rules for developing high-end advanced devices.

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Transient Strain-Induced Electronic Structure Modulation in a Semiconducting Polymer Imaged by Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Nanoparticle Clustering and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Non-Attractive Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions

Nanoparticle Clustering and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Non-Attractive Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions

Mapping the pathways of photo-induced ion migration in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites

Unveiling the Dynamic Oxidative Etching Mechanisms of Nanostructured Metals/Metallic Oxides in Liquid Media Through In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

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