Transient stability of power systems with non-linear load models using individual machine energy functions

Abstract

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Online Measurement-Based Estimation of Dynamic System State Matrix in Ambient Conditions

“…Note that in the above formulation, system loads are modeled as constant impedances, since we assume that the system dynamics are dominated by generator angles. More realistic load models such as ZIP loads may be incorporated by adding additional terms in (5) [25], which on the other hand, does not affect the overall formulation. Linearizing ( 6)- (7) around the steady state, we obtain:…”

PMU-Based Estimation of Dynamic State Jacobian Matrix and Dynamic System State Matrix in Ambient Conditions

“…Note that more realistic load models, e.g. ZIP loads, may be incorporated, since the effect of the nonlinear loads can be reflected at the internal nodes of the generators as injected currents, and further reflected by adding additional terms in (5) [30]. Load variation reveals itself in the diagonal elements of the reduced admittance matrix as [15] [16]:…”