Transient response to changes in uplift rates in the northern Atlas-Meseta system (Morocco)

Clementucci, Romano; Ballato, Paolo; Siamé, Lionel; Faccenna, Claudio; Racano, Simone; Torreti, Giacomo; Lanari, Riccardo; Léanni, Laettitia; Guillou, Valéry

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108765

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…A detailed analysis of knickpoints was performed by examining the shape of river profiles in longitudinal and χ-z plots (i.e., knickpoints that experienced a similar rock uplift history should cluster in the χ-z plot; Clementucci et al, 2023b;Moumeni et al, 2023), using available geological maps (1:100.000 and 1:50.000 geologic map of Italy; Brozzetti et al, 2017a;Ghisetti & Vezzani, 1983;Iannace et al, 2004;Servizio Geologico d'Italia, 1971) and satellite imagery on Google Earth. The fluvial network and channels were extracted and modeled using the MATLAB software TopoToolbox (Schwanghart & Scherler, 2014) and a series of MATLAB functions (TAK -Topographic Analysis Kit; Forte & Whipple, 2019).…”

Section: Stream Profiles and Knickpoint Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we used the MATLAB code provided by Goren et al (2014) and Racano et al (2023), where the integral version of the stream power of Equation 2 can be inverted to define the non-dimensional rock-uplift rate (U*). This corresponds to the slope of the χ-plot and allows to infer the rock uplift history of the catchment (Clementucci et al, 2023b;Goren et al, 2014;Racano et al, 2023). χ and U* were Tectonics 10.1029/2023TC008002 then converted to fluvial response time (τ) and rock-uplift rate (U) by using estimates of rock erodibility for our study area (Goren et al, 2014):…”

Section: Rock-uplift Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is then divided by the mean value of the six basin-averaged k sn as summarized in Table S4 in Supporting Information S1, to quantify the K value. The rock-uplift histories were then aggregated by computing mean and standard deviation values, providing a comprehensive representation of the overall trend in rock-uplift rates over time, following the same approach of Clementucci et al (2023b). Finally, the rock-uplift history was critically assessed by comparing the linear inversion results with stratigraphical and geomorphological constraints.…”

Section: Rock-uplift Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morpho‐Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: Insights From Pollino Range and Surrounding Extensional Intermontane Basins

Clementucci,

Lanari,

Faccenna

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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The evolution of topography in forearc regions results from the complex interplay of crustal and mantle processes. The Southern Apennines represent a well‐studied forearc region that experienced several tectonic phases, initially marked by compressional deformation followed by extension and large‐scale uplift. We present a new structural, geomorphic and fluvial analysis of the Pollino Massif and surrounding intermontane basins (Mercure, Campotenese and Castrovillari) to unravel their evolution since the Pliocene. We constrain multiple tectonic transport directions, evolution of the drainage, and magnitude and timing of long‐term incision following base level falls. Two sets of knickpoints suggest two phases of base level lowering and allow to estimate ∼500 m of long‐term uplift (late Pleistocene), as observed in the Sila Massif. On a smaller spatial scale, the evolution and formation of topographic relief, sedimentation, and opening of intermontane basins is strongly controlled by the recent increase in rock uplift rate and fault activity. At the regional scale, an along‐strike, long‐wavelength uplift pattern from north to south can be explained by progressive lateral slab tearing and inflow of asthenospheric mantle beneath Pollino and Sila, which in turn may have promoted extensional tectonics. The lower uplift of Le Serre Massif may be explained as result of weak plate coupling due to narrowing of the Calabrian slab. The onset of uplift in the Pollino Massif, ranging from 400 to 800 ka, is consistent with that one proposed in the southern Calabrian forearc, suggesting a possible synchronism of uplift, and lateral tearing of the Calabrian slab.

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Section: Stream Profiles and Knickpoint Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock-uplift Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock-uplift Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morpho‐Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: Insights From Pollino Range and Surrounding Extensional Intermontane Basins

Clementucci,

Lanari,

Faccenna

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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“…In light of the low temperature thermochronology cooling ages (cf. the compilation in Lanari et al, 2020b;Lanari, Boutoux, et al, 2023, and references therein) and morphological data (e.g., Babault et al, 2008;Clementucci et al, 2022Clementucci et al, , 2023aClementucci et al, , 2023b, the Eocene and the late Miocene volcanisms require a different explanation. As discussed in Section 4.2, we show a strong increase in exhumation (which is deformation-related, as we previously discussed) and uplift since the middle/ late Miocene, implying that this time represents the likely timing that we have to consider as an initial constraint for any geodynamic model.…”

Section: Pattern Of Mantle Dynamics Below the Atlas-betic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of surface uplift increases from 400–500 to 900 m and 1,100–1,200 m from the Western Moroccan Meseta to the Middle Atlas (Clementucci et al., 2022; Pastor et al., 2015). In addition, shallow marine deposits between the Middle Atlas and the Western Moroccan Meseta indicate a shallowing‐upward trend at ∼7 Ma, representing an important marker to constrain the timing of uplift in this sector (Babault et al., 2008; Clementucci et al., 2023a, 2023b; Krijgsman et al., 1999).…”

Section: Tectonic Volcanism Topography and Deep Structure In The High...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Atlas of Morocco: A Plume‐Assisted Orogeny

Lanari

Faccenna

Natali

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We explore the connections between crustal shortening, volcanism, and mantle dynamics in the Atlas of Morocco. In response to compressional forces and strain localization, this intraplate orogen has evolved far from convergent plate margins. Convective effects, such as lithospheric weakening and plume‐related volcanism, contributed in important ways to the building of high topography. We seek to better understand how crustal and mantle processes interacted during the Atlas' orogeny by combining multiple strands of observations, including new and published data. Constraints on crustal and thermal evolution are combined with new analyses of topographic evolution, petrological, and geochemical data from the Anti‐Atlas volcanic fields, and a simple numerical model of the interactions among crustal deformation, a mantle plume, and volcanism. Our findings substantiate that: (a) crustal deformation and exhumation accelerated during the middle/late Miocene, contemporaneous with the onset of volcanism; (b) volcanism has an anorogenic signature with a deep source; (c) a dynamic mantle upwelling supports the high topography. We propose that a mantle plume and the related volcanism weakened the lithosphere beneath the Atlas and that this favored the localization of crustal shortening along pre‐existing structures during plate convergence. This convective‐tectonic sequence may represent a general mechanism for the modification of continental plates throughout the thermo‐chemical evolution of the supercontinental cycle.

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Deep Crustal and Upper Mantle Structures in North Africa: A Review

Basheer

2024

Regional Geology Reviews

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Transient response to changes in uplift rates in the northern Atlas-Meseta system (Morocco)

Cited by 7 publications

References 102 publications

Morpho‐Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: Insights From Pollino Range and Surrounding Extensional Intermontane Basins

Morpho‐Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Apennines and Calabrian Arc: Insights From Pollino Range and Surrounding Extensional Intermontane Basins

The Atlas of Morocco: A Plume‐Assisted Orogeny

Deep Crustal and Upper Mantle Structures in North Africa: A Review

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