Transient response of a unit proton-exchange membrane fuel cell under various operating conditions

Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kW-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes

“…They declared that the electrically unstable response under dynamic load operation might be attributed to the oxygen mass transfer problems in the GDL and CL of the cathode side. Cho et al [31] studied experimentally on the characteristics of the dynamic behaviors of PEM fuel cells by analyzing how operating conditions and water transfer mechanisms influence the transient response. They concluded that the undershoot phenomenon during transient variation was due to the oxygen supply, nonuniform oxygen distribution, cathode flooding and delay of water accumulation in the membrane.…”

Regression analysis of PEM fuel cell transient response

“…PEMFC transient response was surmised to be controlled by the diffusion processes associated with restricted gas transport. Subsequent experiments investigated the effects of stoichiometric ratios, humidity levels, and flooding intensity [10]. Later, they showed the effects of a degraded gas diffusion layer (GDL) on transient response, repeating many of their earlier conclusions [11].…”

Effects of pore size gradient in the substrate of a gas diffusion layer on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

“…In general, the transient response of the voltage has two types of time delays related to the gas balance and the liquid water balance inside the GDL [22,[26][27][28][29]. As the load rapidly increases, the membrane instantly becomes dehydrated by the increased electro-osmotic drag and generated heat.…”