Transient Properties of a Liquid-Crystal Microlens

Abstract

We have developed manufacturable approaches for forming single, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, where the tubes are centered precisely, and placed within a few hundred nm of 1-1.5 μm deep trenches. These wafer-scale approaches were enabled by using chemically amplified resists and high density, low pressure plasma etching techniques to form the 3D nanoscale architectures. The tube growth was performed using dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and the materials used in the pre-fabricated 3D architectures were chemically and structurally compatible with the high temperature (700 • C) PECVD synthesis of our tubes, in an ammonia and acetylene ambient. Such scalable, high throughput top-down fabrication processes, when integrated with the bottom-up tube synthesis techniques, should accelerate the development of plasma grown tubes for a wide variety of applications in electronics, such as nanoelectromechanical systems, interconnects, field emitters and sensors.

Numerical and Experimental Studies of Liquid Crystal Lens with Stacked Structure of Two Liquid Crystal Layers

“…The electric field obeys the Maxwell's equation r Á ðe Á EÞ ¼ 0, where the dielectric constant e is that of the glass e g in the glass, or that of the LC e LC in the LC. The equations for the LC directors n and the electric field E are integrated numerically [15,16]. The physical parameters of E44 used in the calculation are e jj ¼ 22:0; e ?…”

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Liquid Crystal Lens with Spherical Electrode

“…The finite difference method is used in the calculation [9]. At each calculation loop, n is normalized to maintain jnj ¼ 1 [15,16]. After solving n, the local tilt angle h of the LC directors can be obtained by the equation n ¼ ðn x ; n y ; n z Þ ¼ ðcos h cos /; cos h sin /; sin hÞ, where / is the azimuthal angle of the LC directors.…”

Liquid-Crystal Micro-Lens Array with Square-Shaped Electrodes

“…The LC materials have been widely used in flat display devices and optical devices. An LC micro-lenses with micro-sized and circularly hole-patterned electrodes have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The LC micro-lens array with the micro-sized circularly or hexagonal hole-patterned electrode has been developed and based on the orientation effects of LC molecules in inhomogeneous electric fields.…”