Transient Neonatal
            <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
            Infection Triggers Long-Term Jejunal Hypersensitivity to Distension in Immunocompetent Rats

Marion, Rachel; Baishanbo, A.; Gargala, Gilles; Audigier, François; Ducrotté, Philippe; Duclos, C.; Fioramonti, Jean; Ballet, J.; Favennec, Loïc

doi:10.1128/iai.02055-05

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Blastocystis spp. ability to induce pathophysiological disturbances such as host cell apoptosis, the modulation of host immune response, toxic-allergic reactions leading to a nonspecific inflammation of the colonic mucosa has been linked to the pathogenesis of IBS[ 29 , 30 ]. It is well recognized that B. hominis is the single species infecting humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan parasites in irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study

Jadallah¹,

Nimri²,

Ghanem³

2017

WJGPT

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AIMTo investigate the putative role of protozoan parasites in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODSThe study included 109 IBS consecutive adult patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria and 100 healthy control subjects. All study subjects filled a structured questionnaire, which covered demographic information and clinical data. Fresh stool samples were collected from patients and control subjects and processed within less than 2 h of collection. Iodine wet mounts and Trichrome stained smears prepared from fresh stool and sediment concentrate were microscopically examined for parasites. Blastocystis DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and Cryptosporidium antigens were detected by ELISA.RESULTSA total of 109 IBS patients (31 males, 78 females) with a mean age ± SD of 27.25 ± 11.58 years (range: 16 -60 years) were enrolled in the study. The main IBS subtype based on the symptoms of these patients was constipation-predominant (88.7% of patients). A hundred healthy subjects (30 males, 70 females) with a mean ± SD age of 25.0 ± 9.13 years (range 18-66 years) were recruited as controls. In the IBS patients, Blastocystis DNA was detected in 25.7%, Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in 9.2%, and Giardia cysts were observed in 11%. In the control subjects, Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected in 9%, 0%, and 1%, respectively. The difference in the presence of Blastocystis (P = 0.0034), Cryptosporidium (P = 0.0003), and Giardia (P = 0.0029) between IBS patients and controls was statistically significant by all methods used in this study.CONCLUSIONPrevalence of Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium and Giardia is higher in IBS patients than in controls. These parasites are likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of IBS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan parasites in irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study

Jadallah¹,

Nimri²,

Ghanem³

2017

WJGPT

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“…Five-day-old suckling Sprague-Dawley rats (Janvier, Le Genest Saint Isle, France) were used to evaluate C. parvum pathogenicity as previously described (30). Dams and their litters were maintained free of Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Parvum Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an unweaned immunocompetent rat model, we have previously reported that C. parvum infection-induced jejunal hypersensitivity to distension lasted more than 100 days after spontaneous clearance of the parasites (30). The present study aims to investigate in this model whether C. parvum-triggered intestinal hypersensitivity to distension in association with mast cell infiltrates depends on parasite isolate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium parvumIsolate-Dependent Postinfectious Jejunal Hypersensitivity and Mast Cell Accumulation in an Immunocompetent Rat Model

et al. 2009

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Cryptosporidium spp. are a cause of self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts. In immunocompetent rats, Cryptosporidium parvum infection induced digestive hypersensitivity, a key pathophysiological factor in functional digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In such a rat model, we sought to document whether jejunal hypersensitivity depends on C. parvum isolate and is associated with a mast cell accumulation. Five-day-old rats were orally administered 10 5 oocysts of either Nouzilly (NoI) or Iowa (IoI) C. parvum isolate. NoI-infected rats exhibited the lowest food intake on days 7 and 14 postinfection (p.i.). On day 7 p.i., small intestine villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration were prominent in NoI-infected rats, with higher numbers of Cryptosporidium forms than in IoI-infected rats. Compared to uninfected control rats, jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were increased only in NoI-infected rats on day 14 p.i. On day 50 p.i., jejunal hypersensitivity to distension was found only in NoI-infected rats; this hypersensitivity is associated with activated mast cell accumulation. The number of mast cells in the jejunal lamina propria was increased from day 36 p.i. in NoI-infected rats and only at day 120 p.i. in IoI-infected rats. Our data suggest that both the severity of infection (weight loss, reduced food intake, villus atrophy, and IEL accumulation) and the onset of a jejunal hypersensitivity after infection in association with an activated mast cell accumulation are isolate dependent and related to NoI infection. This cryptosporidiosis rat model is a relevant model for the study of underlying mechanisms of postinfectious IBS-like symptoms.

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“…29 Recently, an immunecompetent suckling rat model was established. 1,22 In these studies, C. parvum infections were able to induce digestive hypersensitivity (a key pathophysiological factor in functional digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome), and the intestinal hypersensitivity was closely associated with intestinally activated mast cell accumulation. To date, there are no reports of the role of mast cells during C. parvum infection in cattle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infection of Cattle With Cryptosporidium parvum

Yang

et al. 2013

Vet Pathol

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Mast cells might play an important role as the major effector cells in the immune response against Cryptosporidium parvum. C. parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans worldwide. To investigate the interaction between C. parvum and mast cells during infection, nine 3-day-old male calves were orally challenged with 10 6 oocysts of C. parvum per calf. The distribution of mast cells in the mucosa of the small intestine was analyzed by toluidine blue staining. The concentrations of histamine and the cytokines interferon-g, interleukin-4, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12 were measured in the serum, and the histamine levels were also determined from the intestinal contents. The following clinical signs were monitored: nausea, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss. Oocysts were shed in the feces during the infection period. C. parvum infection induced an increase in mast cell numbers in the mucosa of the small intestine in distinct temporal and spatial patterns. Infection with C. parvum can induce mastocytosis in the entire small intestinal mucosa in immune-competent calves, and the presence of the parasites influences the distribution profile of the mast cells.

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Transient Neonatal Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Triggers Long-Term Jejunal Hypersensitivity to Distension in Immunocompetent Rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Protozoan parasites in irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study

Protozoan parasites in irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study

Cryptosporidium parvumIsolate-Dependent Postinfectious Jejunal Hypersensitivity and Mast Cell Accumulation in an Immunocompetent Rat Model

Infection of Cattle With Cryptosporidium parvum

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