Transient Ischemic Attacks and the Prevention of Strokes

Jp, Mohr

doi:10.1056/nejm197807132990209

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…27 Previous reports, as well as our findings have demonstrated that a variety of cardiac abnormalities are common in ischemic stroke patients. Several questions arise in the interpretation of the importance of cardiac abnormalities in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.…”

Section: I7supporting

confidence: 67%

Cardiac abnormalities in ischemic cerebrovascular disease studied by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Nishide¹,

Irino²,

Gotoh³

et al. 1983

Stroke

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In the study of cardiac abnormalities responsible for the development of cerebral embolism two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on 350 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The results were compared with those obtained from 350 controls without any history of stroke. Atrial fibrillation was detected on ECG in 115 cases (33%) of the patients and in 35 cases (10%) of the controls (p less than 0.001). The structural cardiac diseases observed in stroke patients were: rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in 37, congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) in 7, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in 19, mitral annulus calcification (MAC) in 29, mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 9, and myocardial infarction (MyI) in 10 patients. Controls were found to have these lesions in 11, 2, 3, 12, 4 and 9 patients respectively. RHD (p less than 0.001), HCM (p less than 0.01) and MAC (p less than 0.01) were significantly more frequent in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, but not MyI, CCM or MVP. Intracardiac thrombi were diagnosed in 29 cases of patients and in 4 cases of controls (p less than 0.001). Our data suggested that nonrheumatic heart diseases such as MAC and HCM could also be considered as causes of embolic stroke. The reasons for the variable frequencies of cardiac abnormalities reported in the literature for stroke patients are discussed.

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Section: I7supporting

confidence: 67%

Cardiac abnormalities in ischemic cerebrovascular disease studied by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Nishide¹,

Irino²,

Gotoh³

et al. 1983

Stroke

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“…37 In this study, a significantly higher stroke risk was experienced by those with such symptoms prior to their current illness than by those without.…”

Section: Table 4 Distribution Of Cases and Controls According To Physmentioning

confidence: 52%

An evaluation of risk factors for stroke in a Dutch community.

Herman¹,

Leyten²,

Luijk³

et al. 1982

Stroke

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SUMMARY The objective of the present epidemiological study was to reevaluate the relationship of various suspect risk factors to stroke within a Dutch community. The Tilburg study lends support to findings in other countries concerning the greater stroke risk of persons with high blood pressure, heart disorders, and diabetes mellitus. Significant interactions of both age and a history of myocardial infarction with hypertension on stroke risk were noted. The presence of overweight and possible transient ischemic attacks (TIA) were found related to stroke onset. No increase in stroke risk was associated with cigarette smoking. The extent of leisure time physical activity during one's lifetime was found inversely related to one's chances for stroke.Stroke, Vol 13, No 3, 1982 STROKE REMAINS A MAJOR contributor to morbidity, functional disability and mortality in most developed countries. The resulting interpersonal and economic costs of this illness for patient, family and society are also substantial. In order to reduce the incidence of stroke, knowledge of etiological factors underlying its onset is essential. The following biomedical and behavioral variables have been studied regarding stroke risk in various centers: high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart disorders, overweight, transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA), cigarette smoking, and physical activity. These have varied in the extent of investigation and the consistency of results from place to place.

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“…About one-third of the strokes are related to large artery disease, primarily carotid. 20 Thus, of the one million individuals with carotid stenosis, one might expect about 80,000 strokes, or a rate of about 7 strokes/100 individuals/year.…”

Section: ' "mentioning

confidence: 99%