Transient Global Amnesia

Szabo, Kristina

doi:10.1159/000356431

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…1,2,14 We hypothesize that disruption of the corticohippocampal circuitry without direct involvement of the mesiotemporal region may have caused a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from classic TGA. In both SPECT and PET studies, perfusion abnormalities in the basal ganglia have been reported for TGA but were associated with concomitant medial temporal lobe hypoperfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Repetitive questioning and anxiety are often present, but other focal neurologic disturbances are usually absent. 1,2 Functional brain imaging with SPECT and PET shows local disturbances in regional blood flow (usually hypoperfusion, rarely hyperperfusion) and in oxygen/glucose metabolism, most frequently in 1 or both medial temporal lobes. [3][4][5] Punctate signal hyperintensities appearing in 1 or both hippocampi on DWI were first described by Matsui et al 6 in a classic TGA case in 2002 and then more systematically by Sedlaczek et al 7 Although the specific sites of impairment have been identified, the underlying etiology of TGA remains elusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CTP in Transient Global Amnesia: A Single-Center Experience of 30 Patients

Meyer¹,

Wintermark

Demonet

et al. 2015

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CTP in Transient Global Amnesia: A Single-Center Experience of 30 Patients

Meyer¹,

Wintermark

Demonet

et al. 2015

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…The incidence of TGA has been estimated as 3-10 per 100,000 per year [2,3]. The majority of episodes occur in individuals between the ages of 50 and 80 years, and most cases of TGA occur once in a lifetime [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Transient Global Amnesia a Network Disease?

2018

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Background: We evaluated a brain network using graph theoretical analysis and microstructural abnormalities of the white matter in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). Methods: Twenty patients with TGA and healthy control subjects were recruited, and they underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. Graph theory was applied to obtain network measures based on DTI data. We investigated the network measures and microstructural abnormalities of white matter using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis in the patients with TGA. Results: Measures of global topology were not different between the patients with TGA and healthy subjects. However, there were significant differences of hubs organization; the strength of the right superior and inferior orbitofrontal, the right inferior frontal operculum, the left superior parietal, and left postcentral gyrus, the cluster coefficient of the right middle orbitofrontal and left inferior parietal gyrus, the betweenness centrality of the left angular gyrus, and the pagerank centrality of the right superior and inferior orbitofrontal, right inferior frontal operculum, left superior parietal, and left postcentral gyrus in the patients with TGA were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects. Regarding the analysis of the white matter microstructure with TBSS, there were no differences in the fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values between the 2 groups. Conclusions: We newly identify a reorganization of network hubs of the brain network in patients with TGA, especially in the regions of the default-mode network. These alterations of the brain network may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying TGA and suggest that TGA is a network disease.

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“…Various causes have been hypothesized including ischemia, epilepsy, migraine [119] and disturbance of cerebral venous blood flow, [120] leading to ischemia of structures such as the hippocampus that are involved in memory. [121] There has been no scientific proof of any cause.…”

Section: Transient Global Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings have suggested a possible implication of CA1 neurons made vulnerable by metabolic stress. [119] …”

Section: Transient Global Amnesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippocampus

Wright¹

2017

Wiki J Med

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The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex; (allocortical) [1][2] [3] and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. It contains two main interlocking parts: the hippocampus proper (also called Ammon's horn) [4] and the dentate gyrus.In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia (the inability to form and retain new memories).In rodents as model organisms, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memories are stored in the brain.

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Transient Global Amnesia

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

CTP in Transient Global Amnesia: A Single-Center Experience of 30 Patients

CTP in Transient Global Amnesia: A Single-Center Experience of 30 Patients

Is Transient Global Amnesia a Network Disease?

The Hippocampus

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