Transient generation of diffusion layer alkalinity for the pulsed amperometric detection of glucose in low capacity buffers having neutral and acidic pH values

Larew, Larry A.; Johnson, Dennis C.

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(89)80152-4

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…175-200mV, and this voltammogram of glucose at the gold disk is very similar to that obtained by LaCourse and Johnson under similar conditions [8]. The current flow at -250mV arises since at this potential the 2-electron oxidation of the glucose aldehyde group is occurring [4]. The current increases at more positive potentials as the overall 8-electron oxidation ensues, then drops precipitously as the gold surface oxidizes and becomes inactive.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The electrochemical detection of glucose and other carbohydrates at constant potential is generally not possible due to electrode fouling by adsorbed reaction products and intermediates [3]. The use of pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) at gold electrodes for the detection of carbohydrates in alkaline media has been pioneered by Johnson and collaborators [4][5][6][7][8]. A triple step potential-time waveform is employed whereby amperonietric detection at a potential Ede, is followed by an anodic cleaning pulse at Eoxa (to oxidatively desorb carbonaceous species formed during the detection step) and a cathodic activation pulse at Ere', (to reduce the oxide film on the Au surface, regenerating the electrode surface for the next PAD cycle) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection

1996

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Segregated composite electrodes mimic microelectrode ensembles. In this preliminary report, the use of a rotating gold-polychlorotriRuoroethylene (or Kel-F, a 3M Company polymer) composite electrode in combination with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is described for the detection of glucose. Comparisons are made with results obtained at a solid gold disk electrode. The composite electrode exhibits a higher signal and a lower background than does the solid gold electrode. In terms of current density, the enhancement of the signal above the background is over 3-fold. similar to that observed with segregated graphite composite electrodes used in a constant potential mode. Little or no glucose signal is observed at either the solid gold or the gold composite elcctrode when employed in the constant potential mode. In the PAD mode, the signal is stable for periods in excess of an hour.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection

1996

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“…[1] [2] This oxidation mechanism has been successfully demonstrated by Largeaud et al 8,9 in the performance of chronoamperometric measurements at 0.3 V vs. RHE, i.e. in the adsorption/desorption region of the Pt electrode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Synthesis of Gold-Platinum Nanomaterials Using Bromide Anion Exchange-Synergistic Electroactivity toward CO and Glucose Oxidation

Tonda-Mikiela

Napporn²,

Morais³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Bromide anion exchange, a method that consists of the introduction of KBr before the reduction of precursor salts by sodium borohydride, has enabled the synthesis of AuPt nanoparticles. Physicochemical techniques have been used to analyze these carbon Vulcan-modified catalytic powders that exhibit face-centered cubic structures. The powders of the bimetallic materials were mainly composed of solid solutions. These materials were utilized in the preparation of electrocatalysts toward the oxidation of carbon monoxide and glucose. In situ reflectance infrared spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that AuPt anodes were more active than Pt in the removal of adsorbed CO at ca. 0.2 V vs. RHE and for the dehydrogenation of glucose to gluconate.In the design of a suitable material for the anode of a biofuel cell (glucose/O 2 ), it has been demonstrated that it must contain platinum, which is the most favorable catalyst for the oxidation of glucose as a fuel at low potentials, in obtaining a high open circuit voltage. Previous studies have shown that glucose electrooxidation proceeds via the dehydrogenation of the carbon in the C1-position at the Pt surface 1-7 :This oxidation mechanism has been successfully demonstrated by Largeaud et al. 8,9 in the performance of chronoamperometric measurements at 0.3 V vs. RHE, i.e. in the adsorption/desorption region of the Pt electrode. As the activation energy for the dehydrogenation of glucose is reversely proportional to the increase in temperature, 5 the oxidation process was carried out at 2 • C in order to enhance the β-anomer, which is its electro-reactive form in aqueous solution. 6,8,9 The analysis of the electrolytic solution by chromatography and mass spectrometry has shown that the primary reaction product was glucono-δ-lactone, which evolved via hydrolysis to gluconic acid. The selective oxidation of glucose with two involved electrons/molecule on the Pt surface is similar to its specific transformation of glucose oxidase (GOx). 10 This leads to imagine the realization of a biofuel cell in which O 2 reduction would take place on an enzyme (e.g., bilirubin oxidase -BOD or laccase), and the anode would be an abiotic catalyst, such as platinum. It is also known that the crossover of O 2 in the anodic compartment causes the production of hydrogen peroxide on GOx. 11 Recent investigations on the cathode have shown that BOD was an efficient catalyst in the reduction of O 2 to H 2 O without the generation of intermediate species such as hydrogen peroxide. 12 This leads to select the best catalyst of a fuel cell (an abiotic anode material) for the construction of a hybrid biofuel cell. Moreover, the utilization of a Pt based anode catalyst enables the avoidance of a redox mediator, which may lead to diffusion limited glucose oxidation. With the use of platinum, other challenges appear: platinum is expensive and its catalytic sites are very sensitive to adsorbed species. This leads to reduce its content in bimetallic material compositions through the addition of gold. The latter ...

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“…Numerous studies on electrochemical behavior of gold have been carried out for decades [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and some of them also in order to perform PAD waveform optimization for IC detection. Gold metal was considered as poor catalyst for many electrochemical reactions due to the weak chemisorption properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic re-activation of the gold electrode in pulsed electrochemical detection of carbohydrates

Kotnik¹,

Novič²,

LaCourse³

et al. 2011

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Transient generation of diffusion layer alkalinity for the pulsed amperometric detection of glucose in low capacity buffers having neutral and acidic pH values

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection

Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection

Synthesis of Gold-Platinum Nanomaterials Using Bromide Anion Exchange-Synergistic Electroactivity toward CO and Glucose Oxidation

Cathodic re-activation of the gold electrode in pulsed electrochemical detection of carbohydrates

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