Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Infants: Effects of Gender, Ear Asymmetry and Activity Status

Click-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Children and Adolescents with Gender Identity Disorder

“…Though speculative, this might reflect that GID in girls does not develop under the influence of prenatal androgens or at least not during the same critical time window as when androgens exert influences over OAEs. CEOAEs click-evoked otoacoustic emissions, GID gender identity disorder, Ctrl control a CEOAE data used in the one-way ANOVAs b CEOAE data used in the mixed model ANOVAs In accord with numerous past findings (Aidan, Lestang, Avan, & Bonfils, 1997;Driscoll, Kei, & McPherson, 2000;Ismail & Thornton, 2003;Kei, McPherson, Smyth, Latham, & Loscher, 1997;Keogh, Kei, Driscoll, & Smyth, 2001;Saitoh et al, 2006), CEOAEs obtained from left ears showed consistently lower mean response amplitudes compared to right ear measurements in each group, except for the control boys, who showed similar mean CEOAEs in both ears. Of note, all three female groups (female natal sex and/or female gender identity) showed significantly stronger right than left ear CEOAEs compared to the control males, which is in line with previous studies (Ismail & Thornton, 2003;Markevych, Asbjørnsen, Lind, Plante, & Cone, 2011), reporting that women had greater (right[left) ear asymmetriesthan men.Otherstudies, however, foundstronger asymmetries in males (Newmark, Merlob, Bresloff, Olsha, & Attias, 1997;Saitoh et al, 2006) or observed no significant differencesinearasymmetrybetweenmalesandfemales .…”

“…Females appear to generate stronger and higher numbers of OAEs than males. This sex difference in emission strength and frequency is present directly after birth (Aidan, Lestang, Avan, & Bonfils, 1997;Berninger, 2007;Burns, Arehart, & Campbell, 1992;Cassidy & Ditty, 2001;Driscoll et al, 1999;Kei, McPherson, Smyth, Latham, & Loscher, 1997;Saitoh et al, 2006;Strickland, Burns, & Tubis, 1985;Thornton, Marotta, & Kennedy, 2003). The outer hair cells of the cochlea have been reported to develop between the 9th and 22nd week of gestation (Lavigne-Rebillard & Pujol, 1986;Pujol & Lavigne-Rebillard, 1995), a time window that overlaps with the critical period for sexual differentiation, when testosterone levels in male fetuses are elevated (Finegan, Bartleman, & Wong, 1989).…”

Brain–Speech Alignment Enhances Auditory Cortical Responses and Speech Perception

“…This suppressive effect on outer hair cells improves speech-in-noise intelligibility (Giraud et al, 1997) because it enhances the dynamic range of primary auditory neurons (Micheyl and Collet, 1996;Kumar and Vanaja, 2004). The efferent effect is known to be lateralized, stronger in the right than the left ear (Khalfa et al, 1997;Philibert et al, 1998), and has accordingly been suggested to be part of the so called "right ear advantage" (Bilger et al, 1990;Kei et al, 1997;Khalfa et al, 1997;Newmark et al, 1997;Keogh et al, 2001). Noise is especially effective in eliciting this crossed efferent effect and, consequently, in the monaural speech condition with noise in the other ear, there is a systematic contralateral suppression of the neural response to the speech signal.…”

The influence of acoustic and biological noise on signal quality measurements of otoacoustic emissions

“…Jedan od načina da se minimiziraju pojedini šumovi jeste da se posmatra aktivnost beba i da se snimanje obavlja kada spavaju ili su budne ali mirne (Kei et al, 1997;Norton et al, 2000;Vohr et al, 1993). Kod beba koje su bile aktivne ili su plakale nije bilo moguće izmeriti OAE pošto nije mogao biti ostvaren odgovarajući odnos signal/šum (Gorga et al, 2000;Norton et al, 2000).…”

“…Visok nivo pozitivnih rezultata OAE skrinig testova kod novorođenčadi kao i problemi pri merenjima u kliničkim uslovima prouzrokovani su višestrukim, različitim faktorima kao što su: neadekvatno postavljanje sonde (Kemp et al, 1990;Kemp, 2002), stanje spoljašnjeg i srednjeg uha McNellis, 1997;Vohr et al, 1993), stanje deteta (Norton et al, 2000;Kei et al, 1997), uzrast u trenutku testiranja (Kennedy, 1999;Kok et al, 1993;Albuquerque, 2001), položaj tela (Fukai et al, 2005;Kleine et al, 2001;Buki et al, 2000;Driscoll et al, 2004;Phillips, 1992;Driscoll et al, 1999), obučenost osoblja (Fukai et al, 2005;Kei et al, 1997;Newmark et al, 1997;Saitoh et al, 2006) i nivo spoljašnje i fiziološke buke (Rhoades et al, 1998;Popelka et al, 1998;Welch et al, 1996;Baer, 1992;Hunter et al, 1994).…”