“…Impact scenarios vary in scale from rockfalls [Hambleton et al, 2013] to the showering of storm debris onto building façades [Feng and Aymerich, 2013;Guo et al, 2013;Pyttel et al, 2011]. Large amount of impact related research has also been conducted in the field of bio-medical engineering (e.g., modeling of head injuries [Gong et al, 2008;Johnson and Young, 2005;Kerrigan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2001] and in research into damage to metal materials [Liu et al, 2005a;Liu et al, 2005b], composite materials [Khalili et al, 2011;Maio et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2006], and to bone tissues [Delye et al, 2007;Yamashita and Gotoh, 2005].…”