“…As depicted in Figure 3, for the selection of [δ i,min , δ i,max ], it primarily depends on two factors: one is selecting appropriate upper and lower boundary values based on the required layering accuracy in actual exploration, and the other considers the fact that the inversion accuracy of transient electromagnetic data gradually decreases with increasing depth. Hence, the threshold value for the change in layer thickness is set to increase with depth (e.g., during synthetic data simulation, it is set as within 200 M, more than 200 M, and more than 400 M of predicted depth, and the layer thickness thresholds are set to [5,25], [10,50], and [20,100], respectively). Second, since transient electromagnetic inversion exhibits highly nonlinear characteristics, introducing a regularization constraint for model smoothing is crucial to reduce false anomalies and enhance the model fitting effect.…”