Transient effect determination of spin–lattice (TEDSpiL) relaxation times using continuous wave NMR

Morris, Robert H.; Mostafa, Nur; Parslow, Steven T.; Newton, Michael I.

doi:10.1002/mrc.4594

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The fixed field can be produced by using Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) magnets, as shown in Figure 1, or by electromagnet coils; however, the latter do draw significant current and cause elevated sample temperatures. A digital to analogue converter on a Teensy 3.5 [12] microcontroller is used to generate 100 cycles of a voltage ramp which are amplified using a power amplifier built from a 2N3055H power transistor and LM 358N buffer amplifier [10] and providing a gain of five, before driving the sweep coils (part of the 514-606). The oscillator frequency is adjusted such that the resonance occurs at the center of the ramp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Look and Locker [9] demonstrated that there is a transient effect when the sweep of the magnetic field is initiated and that this may be used to determine the value of T1. More recently, a simple variation using a marginal oscillator and calibration samples was presented, which is referred to as the transient effect determination of the spin-lattice relaxation time using continuous wave NMR, or TEDSpiL [10]. In this work we demonstrate that TEDSpiL may be automated using two microcontrollers from the Teensy family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A Microcontroller System for the Automation of Transient Effect Determination of the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Using Continuous Wave NMR

Parslow

Newton

Morris

2018

5th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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A simple transient effect method for the determination of the spin-lattice relaxation time using continuous wave NMR (TEDSpiL) with a marginal oscillator was recently reported (doi:10.1002/mrc.4594). Such a system measures a parameter called Tx that is related to T1 and allows T1 to be determined with the aid of calibration samples. For such a system, the process of making the Tx measurement does not require variable parameters and so is ideal for implementing in microcontroller code. In this article, we demonstrate that TEDSpiL may be automated using two microcontrollers from the Teensy family to make a low power and portable system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Microcontroller System for the Automation of Transient Effect Determination of the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Using Continuous Wave NMR

Parslow

Newton

Morris

2018

5th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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“…We have recently presented an updated measurement method [63] based on the work of Look and Locker [43] utilizing direct signal capture and sweep signal generation with a National Instruments Data Acquisition card and PC to automatically acquire T 1 curves. A method was also proposed to eliminate the effect of the oscillator parameters on the resulting measurements by using end-point calibration.…”

Section: Updated Measurements Of Relaxation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are also easily extended with a plethora of extra modules that bring additional functionality. In Figure 21 we show typical data from a teaching CW-NMR system (LD Didactic GmbH, Hürth, Germany) with a sample of 20 cS PDMS oil and digitization of the signal resulting from the relaxation measurement described in [63]. The sweep coil rate is set at 10 Hz and the audio capture rate is set to 44.1 kHz, with 16 bit data saved to a raw file based on the example code provided at [65].…”

Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electronics Prompt a Fresh Look at Continuous Wave (CW) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

2017

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Continuous Wave Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CW-NMR) was a popular method for sample interrogation at the birth of magnetic resonance but has since been overlooked by most in favor of the now more popular pulsed techniques. CW-NMR requires relatively simple electronics although, for most designs, the execution is critical to the successful implementation and sensitivity of the system. For decades there have been reports in the literature from academic groups showing the potential of magnetic resonance relaxation time measurements in industrial applications such as the production of food and drink. However, the cost, complexity and power consumption of pulsed techniques have largely consigned these to the literature. Advances in electronics and developments in permanent magnet technology now require a fresh look at CW-NMR to see if it is capable of providing cost effective industrial solutions. In this article, we review the electronics that are needed to undertake a continuous wave NMR experiment starting with early designs and journeying through the literature to understand the basic designs and limitations. We then review the more recent developments in this area and present an outlook for future work in the hope that more of the scientific community will take a fresh look at CW-NMR as a viable and powerful low-cost measurement technique.

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“…Several cycles of the sweep coils follow during which each absorption trace was collected providing exponentially varying amplitudes with time constant T 1 until saturation was reached. More recently, it was shown that a variation on this technique using a marginal oscillator could be used to produce a parameter related to T 1 , which is termed T x and that calibration samples could then be used to relate this to T 1 . We refer to this technique as the Transient Effect Determination of Spin–Lattice (TEDSpiL) relaxation times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of milk powder hydration using TEDSpiL continuous wave NMR

Parslow

Almazrouei

Newton

et al. 2019

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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Moisture content of foodstuffs are typically assessed by Titration or Near Infrared Spectroscopy, which are labour‐intensive as a manual measurement or costly when automated. Magnetic resonance offers a method for moisture evaluation but is also normally costly. In this work, we revisit Look and Locker's “Tone Burst” experiment with a marginal oscillator to evaluate moisture content of powdered–skimmed milk subjected to increased humidity. We refer to this technique as the Transient Effect Determination of Spin–Lattice (TEDSpiL) relaxation times. Moisture content in the samples ranged from 0–12% as determined from the weight gained by the dry powder when re‐suspended in water to reach a concentration of 40% w/v. The relaxation properties of re‐hydrated samples were measured with a CW NMR sensor. Solutions made up from powders with a higher retained moisture content provided lower measured relaxation values providing a method of measuring the moisture content of the powder. This technique provides a moisture measurement in under 5∼s compared with several minutes for the equivalent pulsed method using low‐field hardware.

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Transient effect determination of spin–lattice (TEDSpiL) relaxation times using continuous wave NMR

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

A Microcontroller System for the Automation of Transient Effect Determination of the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Using Continuous Wave NMR

A Microcontroller System for the Automation of Transient Effect Determination of the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time Using Continuous Wave NMR

Advances in Electronics Prompt a Fresh Look at Continuous Wave (CW) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

A preliminary study of milk powder hydration using TEDSpiL continuous wave NMR

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