Transient Effect at the Onset of Human Running

Weich, Christian; Vieten, Manfred; Jensen, Randall L.

doi:10.3390/bios10090117

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Until today, the transient effect has only been proven in the context of human locomotion for running in athletes but not for walking. The transient effect during running lasted on average 5 min until the movement pattern became stable ( 30 ). However, further studies with longer walking protocols are needed to determine how long the transient effect lasts in healthy subjects and pwMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumented Assessment of Motor Performance Fatigability During the 6-Min Walk Test in Mildly Affected People With Multiple Sclerosis

Broscheid

Behrens²,

Bilgin-Egner³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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There are conflicting results regarding the changes in spatio-temporal gait parameters during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) as indicators of gait-related motor performance fatigability (PF) in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). To further analyze if gait-related motor PF can be quantified using instrumented gait analysis during the 6MWT, we investigated: (i) whether gait parameters recorded during the first or second minute were more stable and thus the better baseline to assess motor PF and (ii) if the minimum toe clearance (MTC) together with “classical” spatio-temporal gait parameters can be used to quantify motor PF in pwMS. Nineteen mildly affected pwMS [12 women/7 men; 47.8 ± 9.0 years; the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 2.7 ± 1.0] and 24 healthy controls (HC; 15 women/9 men; 48.8 ± 7.6 years) completed the 6MWT equipped with inertial measurement units. Data were analyzed using the attractor method to compare the stability of gait parameters and, besides “classical” spatio-temporal gait parameters, the MTC was calculated as a potential new marker for motor PF in pwMS as this was shown in healthy older adults. It was found that (i) gait parameters were more stable in the second than in the first minute and (ii) gait-related motor PF could not be detected based on spatio-temporal gait parameters, including the MTC. Descriptive analysis indicated a decrease in MTC variability, which is assumed to be indicative for motor PF, toward the end of the 6MWT in some pwMS. Future studies should investigate gait parameters for the assessment of motor PF in pwMS recorded during more intense and/or longer walking protocols, taking the level of disability into account. Furthermore, using gait parameters recorded in the first minute of the 6MWT as a baseline for the assessment of motor PF should be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumented Assessment of Motor Performance Fatigability During the 6-Min Walk Test in Mildly Affected People With Multiple Sclerosis

Broscheid

Behrens²,

Bilgin-Egner³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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“…Although we focused on examining the trajectory of CoM accelerations in cycling and running using accelerometry outside of the laboratory environment, other studies (Cejuela et al, 2007 ; Hausswirth et al, 2010 ; Weich et al, 2020 ) have examined gait mechanics relative to additional kinematic and kinetic parameters. For instance, an increase in running cadence has been reported to be accompanied by reductions in peak hip adduction angle, hip external adduction and internal rotation moments that influence the magnitude of CoM accelerations (Heiderscheit et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Center of Mass in Trained Triathletes in Running After Cycling: A Preliminary Study Conducted in a Real-Life Setting

Evans¹,

James²,

Rowlands³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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While the sport of short-distance (Sprint) triathlon provides an opportunity to research the effect of the center of mass (CoM) when cycling and running, much remains to be done. The literature has failed to consistently or adequately report how changes to hand position influence subsequent running as inferred by the magnitude of CoM acceleration. The demands of cycle training in a drops and aerodynamic position followed by running remain unquantified in Sprint Distance triathlon. Thus, far data collected indicate that the cycle to run transition (T2) is important for overall race success. While many age-groupers participate in Sprint Distance triathlon, the lack of T2 based research make comparisons between cycle hand position and ensuing running difficult. The motion of the human body when cycling and running in triathlon can be described by the motion of its CoM in a local coordinate system. Unobtrusive wearable sensors have proven to be an informative resource to monitor the magnitude of CoM accelerations in running. However, the extent to which they are used in cycling is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the temporal magnitudes of CoM acceleration when cycling position and cadence is changed and to analyse these effects on running after cycling. Ten recreational triathletes completed two 20 km cycling trials at varied cadence in a drops position (parts of the handlebars that curve outward, CycleDrops) and an aerodynamic position (arms bent, forearms parallel to the ground, CycleAero) immediately followed by a 5 km run at self-selected pace. Torso kinematics by way of CoM acceleration magnitude were captured in a typical training setting using a triaxial accelerometer. CoM acceleration was quantified in m/s2 and variability was measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) and root mean square (RMS). Results from CycleAero indicated that acceleration of the CoM in longitudinal (CV = 1%) and mediolateral directions (CV = 3%) was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) compared to CycleDrops. As for rate of perceived exertion (RPE), a significant difference was observed with triathletes reporting higher values in CycleAero alongside a greater CoM acceleration magnitude in the anteroposterior direction. The CoM varied significantly from RunAero with less longitudinal (CV = 0.2, p < 0.001) and mediolateral acceleration observed (CV = 7.5%, p < 0.001) compared to RunDrops. Although greater longitudinal acceleration was observed in the initial 1 km epoch of RunAero, triathletes then seemingly adjusted their CoM trajectory to record lower magnitudes until completion of the 5 km run, completing the run quicker compared to RunDrops (22.56 min1 ± 0.2, 23.34 min1 ± 0.5, p < 0.001, CV = 1.3%). Coaches may look to use triaxial accelerometers to monitor performance in both cycling and running after cycling.

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“…The attractor method allows the analysis of human movements, especially cyclic motions like walking, running, cycling, or skiing. The approach was first described in 2013 (15) and is still being further developed to this day (16,(27)(28)(29). In this regard, it represents a feasible application in which handy IMU sensors can be used to capture motion data and evaluate it with respect to its development over time.…”

Section: Attractor Methods (Kinematic Analysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was suggested to compare the last minute with the second minute, instead of the first, in order to obtain a more stable assessment (40). The so-called transient effect causes much larger oscillations at the beginning of a walking session, which eventually settle down after a short time (28). The established threshold for the occurrence of motor performance fatigability is deltaF ≥4 (39).…”

Section: Attractor Methods (Kinematic Analysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prominent Fatigue but No Motor Fatigability in Non-Hospitalized Patients With Post-COVID-Syndrome

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesFatigue is a frequent and often disabling symptom in patients with post-COVID syndrome. To better understand and evaluate the symptom of motor fatigue in the context of the post-COVID syndrome, we conducted treadmill walking tests to detect the phenomenon of motor fatigability or to evaluate whether evidence of organic lesions of the motor system could be found, similar to patients with multiple sclerosis.MethodTwenty-nine non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID syndrome completed the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Function (FSMC) questionnaire to determine the trait component of subjective fatigue before they were tested on a treadmill walking at a moderate speed for up to 60 min or until exhaustion. During the walking test oxygen uptake, ventilation and acceleration data of both feet were collected. To determine motor performance fatigability, the Fatigue Index Kliniken Schmieder (FKS) was calculated using the attractor method.ResultsThe average walking duration was 42.7 ± 18.6 min with 15 subjects stopping the walking test prematurely. The FSMC score revealed a severe cognitive (37.6 ± 8.2) and motor (37.1 ± 7.8) fatigue averaged over all subjects but only two subjects showed an FKS above the normal range (>4), representing performance fatigability. There was no significant correlation between subjective fatigue (FSMC) and FKS as well as walking time. Absolute values of oxygen uptake and ventilation were in the normal range reported in literature (r = 0.9, p < 0.05), although eight subjects did not produce a steady-state behavior.ConclusionAlmost all patients with post-COVID syndrome and subjectively severe motor fatigue, did not show motor fatigability nor severe metabolic anomalies. This is argued against organic, permanent damage to the motor system, as is often seen in MS. Many of the patients were - to our and their own surprise - motorically more exertable than expected.

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Transient Effect at the Onset of Human Running

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Instrumented Assessment of Motor Performance Fatigability During the 6-Min Walk Test in Mildly Affected People With Multiple Sclerosis

Instrumented Assessment of Motor Performance Fatigability During the 6-Min Walk Test in Mildly Affected People With Multiple Sclerosis

Variability of the Center of Mass in Trained Triathletes in Running After Cycling: A Preliminary Study Conducted in a Real-Life Setting

Prominent Fatigue but No Motor Fatigability in Non-Hospitalized Patients With Post-COVID-Syndrome

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