Transient Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling

Whalley, P.B.; Lyons, Alex; Swinnerton, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-85295-175-0.50015-1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because L. phlaeas varies considerably in abundance, probably due to the weather ( Dempster, 1971; Heath et al . 1984 ; Whalley, 1997), and because these effects are regionally correlated, regional extirpation is conceivable if all the key local populations were to become extinct at once (e.g. den Boer, 1981; Harrison & Quinn, 1989; Palmqvist & Lundberg, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lycaena phlaeas overwinters as a pupa. Adults and immature stages are observed in a wide variety of open habitats both in the study area and throughout its range ( Dempster, 1971; Emmet & Heath, 1989; Thomas & Lewington, 1991; Whalley, 1997). Suitable host plants occur in most types of open habitats with natural or semi‐natural (and some disturbed) vegetation types in northern and central Europe ( Tolman & Lewington, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The distribution and decline of a widespread butterflyLycaena phlaeasin a pastoral landscape

León‐Cortés

Cowley

Thomas

2000

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. Ecological specialists are often regarded as most likely to be threatened by anthropogenic habitat changes but few relevant data are available on changes in the status of widespread species. 2. Grid square distribution maps have been used widely to measure rates of decline and target conservation resources but it is known that coarse grain mapping is not appropriate to identify declines in widespread species that initially contain numerous local populations per grid cell. Changes in the status of widespread species need to be quantified. 3. Present‐day habitat associations, determined from over 2000 transect counts, combined with data on historical and present‐day habitat distributions, reveal that the area of occupancy and population‐level rate of decline of the Small Copper butterfly Lycaena phlaeas is likely to have been of the order of 92 and 89% respectively, in 35 km2 of North Wales. Similar data on the species' major host plants Rumex acetosa and R. acetosella indicate possible declines in area occupied of 48 and 91%. If a 1‐km2 grid was applied to the landscape, and if L. phlaeas, R. acetosa, and R. acetosella had occupied all 1‐km2 cells in the study area in 1901 (non‐limestone cells for R. acetosella only), their declines would only have been recorded as 15, 9, and 35% respectively. 4. Many declining ecological specialists are threatened with extinction because of their initial rarity. At a population level, however, they may or may not be declining faster than less specialised species. The results presented here illustrate that some widespread species may have declined as much as many of Britain's rarities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution and decline of a widespread butterflyLycaena phlaeasin a pastoral landscape

León‐Cortés

Cowley

Thomas

2000

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In North Wales, G. rhamni is rarely recorded, and there are only a few records of its host plants ( Whalley 1997; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…obs.). Only two records, from 1950 and 1973, are available from the Creuddyn peninsula ( Whalley 1997; Environmental Information Centre, unpublished). Although occasional breeding in the past cannot be ruled out, these records are most likely to represent stray individuals of this conspicuous and mobile butterfly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marginal range expansion in a host‐limited butterfly species Gonepteryx rhamni

Gutiérrez

Thomas

2000

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. The British distribution of the butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni (L.) follows closely the range of its natural host plants, Rhamnus catharticus L. and Frangula alnus Miller, suggesting that it is one of the few British butterflies that has a host‐limited distribution. In North Wales, this species has its range margin, and it was recorded only occasionally in a 35‐km2 area prior to the 1980s. Frangula alnus bushes were planted in the area in about 1986, allowing the hypothesis that G. rhamni would expand its range following increased host plant availability to be tested. 2. From 1996 to 1998, the distribution of the butterfly and its host plants, R. catharticus (native), Rhamnus alaternus L. (introduced), and F. alnus (introduced to the area but native to Britain), was mapped in the study area. It was found that the butterfly was more widespread than any of its host plants. Frangula alnus was the most widespread of the host plants, and received most eggs, suggesting that the carrying capacity of the habitat would have increased substantially following the planting of this species. Gonepteryx rhamni was able to complete its lifecycle on both introduced species in the study area. 3. A mark–release–recapture study showed that adult G. rhamni moved an average of 512 m, and 50% of movements were further than 400 m; these values are underestimates. The relatively high mobility of this species suggests that it probably perceives host plants and nectar sources as resource patches (patchy population) in this fragmented landscape, and this population now represents a satellite population of the butterfly's main distribution in Britain. 4. The results presented here confirm empirically the host‐limited distribution of G. rhamni, which expanded following the planting of extra host plants.

show abstract

The effects of transient conditions on the onset of intermittent dryout during blowdown

Statham

Novog

2017

Nuclear Engineering and Design

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transient Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

The distribution and decline of a widespread butterflyLycaena phlaeasin a pastoral landscape

The distribution and decline of a widespread butterflyLycaena phlaeasin a pastoral landscape

Marginal range expansion in a host‐limited butterfly species Gonepteryx rhamni

The effects of transient conditions on the onset of intermittent dryout during blowdown

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About