Transient and Failure Analyses of the Porous Zinc Electrode: I . Theoretical

Sunu, W. G.; Bennion, Douglas N.

doi:10.1149/1.2130054

Cited by 77 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These steps include transfer into the gas fed porous layer by diffusion and convection in the gas phase, dissolution into the electrolyte, and diffusion in the electrolyte phase to the reaction sites. The overall electrochemical reduction is generally expressed as 02 + 2H20 + 4e-~ 4 OH- [3] Oxygen solubility and the electrode kinetics dominate the electrochemical behavior of this electrode. The kinetics of an oxygen electrode have been investigated extensively due to its applications in fuel cells and other important electrochemical industries.…”

Section: Chemistry and Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Modeling of a Primary Zinc/Air Battery

Mao

White

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The mathematical model developed by Sunu and Bennion has been extended to include the separator, precipitation of both solid ZnO and K2Zn(OH)4, and the air electrode, and has been used to investigate the behavior of a primary Zn-Alr battery with respect to battery design features. Predictions obtained from the model indicate that anode material utilization is predominantly limited by depletion of the concentration of hydroxide ions. The effect of electrode thickness on anode material utilization is insignificant, whereas material loading per unit volume has a great effect on anode material utilization; a higher loading lowers both the anode material utilization and delivered capacity. Use of a thick separator will increase the anode material utilization, but may reduce the cell voltage.Zinc is used widely as an anode in many alkaline batteries, such as Zn]Ni and Zn/Air. Optimum designs of these batteries depend on understanding the zinc chemistry and electrochemistry in alkaline solution and the mass-transport processes in the battery during charge and discharge. While the former has been extensively investigated experimentally, only a few mass-transport models have been presented. Choi, Bennion, and Newman (1) presented a mathematical model of a secondary Zn/AgO battery for analysis of the material redistribution in the battery during charge and discharge. Their model includes convective flow caused primarily by osmosis and electro-osmosis forces. It was found that the convective flow is primarily responsible for the nonuniform zinc distribution on the electrode plate. The validity of their conclusions was verified partially by their experiments that showed virtually no zinc redistribution when the convective flow was minimized (2). Sunu and Bennion (3) developed a comprehensive model of a porous zinc electrode to investigate the electrode phenomena in the direction perpendicular to the projected electrode surface. In their model, the masstransport equations were developed based on concentrated ternary electrolyte theory. Three electrode failure mechanisms (namely, depletion of hydroxide ions, pore plugging by zinc oxide, and surface passivation) were identified by analyzing the model simulations. The validity of their model was verified by good agreement between their model predictions and experimental data of porosity and zinc oxide distributions (4). Their model was used later by Isaacson et al. (5) and Miller et al. (6) to investigate zinc movement in both the vertical and parallel directions to the electrode surface. Good agreement was obtained by Isaacson et al. (5) between their model predictions and experimental chronopotentiometric data.It should be noted that all previous mathematical models were used to study secondary batteries and that the model verification was conducted using a half cell or a ZnNiOOH cell. Previous modeling efforts were focused on the zinc electrode; and, consequently, the concentration distributions in the separator were neglected. Although the findings from such resea...

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Section: Chemistry and Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symbol so,i is the stoichiometric coefficient of species i in the cathode reaction (see reaction [3]). The current density in the electrolyte is equal to the applied discharge current density.…”

Section: Precipitation Of Solid Zinc Oxide and Potassiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of a Primary Zinc/Air Battery

Mao

White

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…(a) passivation of the zinc electrode by thin film formation [14,15] (b) plugging of the pores of the electrode by insoluble reaction products [16,17] (c) depletion of electrolyte [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cycling behaviour of zinc electrodes in a nickel oxide-zinc accumulator

1986

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The behaviour of porous zinc electrodes was investigated by monitoring the potential distribution along the surface of the electrode during charging and discharging in a nickel oxide-zinc battery. Impedance measurements of the zinc electrode were taken as a function of state-of-charge and of the cycle number. The composition of the electrode was varied with HgO and PbO additives. Shape change was observed for all electrodes. The observed potential distribution has led to the tentative explanation that the shape change phenomenon is caused by diffusion of zincate along the surface.

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“…In the continuum model of Zn electrodes developed by Sunu and Bennion in 1980 [129], they considered passivation by assuming that the precipitation of ZnO reduced the active surface area available for the Zn dissolution reaction. More recently in 2017, Stamm, et al, implemented the effect of type I ZnO passivation in a continuum model by calculating the thickness of the ZnO shell and numerically solving for the species concentration at the surface [55], assuming Nernst-Planck transport across the barrier.…”

Section: Metal Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuum models of ZABs have been developed intermittently since the 1980s. The first 1D continuum model of a Zn electrode in an alkaline ZAB was developed in 1980 by Sunu and Bennion [129]. It was based on the general 1D model for concentrated transport in porous electrodes outlined by Newman [116].…”

Section: Cell Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

2018

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Abstract:The advent of large-scale renewable energy generation and electric mobility is driving a growing need for new electrochemical energy storage systems. Metal-air batteries, particularly zinc-air, are a promising technology that could help address this need. While experimental research is essential, it can also be expensive and time consuming. The utilization of well-developed theory-based models can improve researchers' understanding of complex electrochemical systems, guide development, and more efficiently utilize experimental resources. In this paper, we review the current state of metal-air batteries and the modeling methods that can be implemented to advance their development. Microscopic and macroscopic modeling methods are discussed with a focus on continuum modeling derived from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. An applied example of zinc-air battery engineering is presented.

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Transient and Failure Analyses of the Porous Zinc Electrode: I . Theoretical

Cited by 77 publications

References 37 publications

Mathematical Modeling of a Primary Zinc/Air Battery

Mathematical Modeling of a Primary Zinc/Air Battery

The cycling behaviour of zinc electrodes in a nickel oxide-zinc accumulator

A Review of Model-Based Design Tools for Metal-Air Batteries

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