Transient amelioration of the sensitization of cocaine-induced behaviors in rats by the induction of tolerance

Dalia, Asad; Norman, Mantana K.; Tabet, Michael R.; Schlueter, Kevin T.; Tsibulsky, Vladimir L.; Norman, Andrew B.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00323-0

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Both happen rapidly and progressively (eg Vanderschuren et al, 1999), and are suppressed by relatively high doses of cocaine (present study, Dalia et al, 1998). Furthermore, Robinson and co-workers have demonstrated that the development of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine is influenced by the speed of intravenous injection (Samaha et al, 2002(Samaha et al, , 2004Samaha and Robinson, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Rapid and Persistent Sensitization to the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

Morgan

Liu

Roberts

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The development of drug addiction involves a transition from recreational use to compulsive drug seeking and taking, and this progression can occur rapidly with cocaine use. These data highlight the importance of early drug exposure and the development of drug dependence; however, little experimental attention has been paid to this phenomenon in animal models of drug abuse. The present experiments demonstrate a progressive and rapid sensitization to the reinforcing strength of cocaine assessed using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule in rats. The first experiment found that rats show increased breakpoints over a 2-week period following acquisition. Subsequent experiments examined the role of total cocaine intake during the initial exposure period and found that low intakes (20 mg/ kg/day Â 5 days) resulted in sensitization, whereas relatively higher intake (60 or 100 mg/kg/day Â 5 days) suppressed the development of sensitization. In contrast, this higher level of intake (60 mg/kg/day Â 5 days) only transiently suppressed the expression of sensitization. Examination of breakpoints maintained by various doses of cocaine revealed an upward and leftward displacement of the cocaine doseeffect curve, relative to nonsensitized animals. These studies describe a form of sensitization that occurs rapidly to the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and provide a model to study the potential impact of initial experience on the development of drug dependence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Rapid and Persistent Sensitization to the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

Morgan

Liu

Roberts

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Thus, in future studies, context needs to be considered before assuming that what is seen in the laboratory setting reflects what happens when addicts take drugs in their usual setting. Finally, it is also important not to test for sensitization too soon after the discontinuation of drug use but rather to wait until tolerance has subsided, both because tolerance can mask the expression of sensitization, and because sensitization is expressed best after a period of 'incubation' (Robinson & Becker 1986;Dalia et al 1998).…”

Section: Does Sensitization Occur In Humans?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues

Robinson

Berridge

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,440

1,003

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We present a brief overview of the incentive sensitization theory of addiction. This posits that addiction is caused primarily by drug-induced sensitization in the brain mesocorticolimbic systems that attribute incentive salience to reward-associated stimuli. If rendered hypersensitive, these systems cause pathological incentive motivation ('wanting') for drugs. We address some current questions including: what is the role of learning in incentive sensitization and addiction? Does incentive sensitization occur in human addicts? Is the development of addiction-like behaviour in animals associated with sensitization? What is the best way to model addiction symptoms using animal models? And, finally, what are the roles of affective pleasure or withdrawal in addiction?

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“…In the rat, enhanced drug-induced NAcc DA overflow is not observed in the days following exposure but rather weeks to months later (Hamamura et al, 1991; Hurd et al, 1989; Segal and Kuczenski, 1992; Paulson and Robinson, 1995). The withdrawal period necessary to observe sensitization may be longer in humans and longer still following prolonged intense drug exposure (see Dalia et al, 1998; Vezina et al, 2007). Another critical difference between studies conducted in healthy and drug abusing subjects may involve the various environmental stimuli surrounding drug taking and those constituting the testing conditions.…”

Section: Sensitization In Animals and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned cues and the expression of stimulant sensitization in animals and humans

2009

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Repeated intermittent exposure to psychostimulants can lead to long-lasting sensitization of the drugs' behavioral and biochemical effects. Such findings have figured importantly in recent theories of drug addiction proposing that sensitized nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA) overflow in particular acts in concert with other alterations in the neurochemistry of this nucleus to promote drug seeking and self-administration. Yet, experiments in rodents, nonhuman primates and humans have not always detected behavioral or biochemical sensitization following drug exposure, bringing into doubt the utility of this model. In an effort to reconcile apparent discrepancies in the literature, this review assesses conditions that might affect the expression of sensitization during testing. Specifically, the role played by conditioned cues is reviewed. A number of reports strongly support a potent and critical role for conditioned stimuli in the expression of sensitization. Findings suggest that stimuli associated either with the presence or absence of drug can respectively facilitate or inhibit sensitized responding. It is concluded that the presence or absence of such stimuli during testing for sensitization in animal and human studies could significantly affect the results obtained. It is necessary to consider this possibility especially when interpreting the results of studies that fail to observe sensitized responding.Keywords conditioned inhibition; conditioning; dopamine; drug addiction; drug self-administration; excitatory Pavlovian conditioning; facilitation; occasion setters; sensitization Sensitization in animals and humansThere is general agreement that rats repeatedly exposed to psychostimulants like amphetamine will exhibit enhanced -sensitized -locomotor responding when subsequently challenged with the drug some time later. In these animals, the reactivity of mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) neurons to the drug challenge is also enhanced (for critical reviews of the preclinical literature, see Kalivas and Stewart, 1991;Vanderschuren and Kalivas, 2000;Vezina, 2004). These are long-lasting effects in the rat. Sensitized locomotor responding has been reported up to one year (Paulson et al., 1991) and enhanced nucleus accumbens (NAcc) DA overflow up to three *Correspondence: Department of Psychiatry The University Of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC3077 Chicago, IL 60637 TEL: 773/702-2890 FAX: 773/702-0857 E-MAIL: pvezina@yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuropharmacology. Author manuscript; av...

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Transient amelioration of the sensitization of cocaine-induced behaviors in rats by the induction of tolerance

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Rapid and Persistent Sensitization to the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

Rapid and Persistent Sensitization to the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues

Conditioned cues and the expression of stimulant sensitization in animals and humans

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