ResearchManufa fa f fa f fa f cturing Bespoke Architecture Ab bs st tr ract t. . At the disposal of today's architect is an evolving array of interoperable tools and processes that allow the fabrication of design propositions to be increasingly complex, non-standard and adaptive. How are we equipped to deal with such a growing breadth of new potential, and how are the philosophies that underpin this potential being defined? This paper attempts to address what is something of a contemporary dilemma in architecture, as the constraints of industrial standardisation are relaxed. Have the roles of designers and makers changed in a way that we've not experienced before, and is a new approach to making architecture emerging?
Part OneOver the past decade, conventional protocols of exchange that focused on the key relationship between design and making have been thoroughly redefined by digital a a technology [Sheil 2005a]. For centuries, the construction of prototypes, artefacts, buildings and structures has operated on a rolling tradition of visual and verbal communication between designers, consultants, makers, clients, users, regulatory bodies and contractors. In making buildings, roles were defined by where individuals and disciplines were located on a chain from concept to execution. All were reliant on its links being successfully forged, not only to achieve results, but also to underpin their status within their respective professions and trades. Prevailing over the entire process was the design, an assemblage of cross-referenced visualisations, specifications and quantities forming the templates and instructions for making. Given the numeracy of complex transfers from one step to the next, constructs in architecture have evolved as negotiated translations; the most engaging are those that have recognised this in a creative and informed way from the very outset.The redefinition of these historic protocols was initially led by the gradual adoption of computer-aided drawing in the early 1990s by practice and academia. As three dimensional modelling and rendering became more available and sophisticated, a frenzy of liberated experimentation ensued. Speculative design looked to the weightless and scaleless domain of digital space as the new terrain for innovation and speculative discourse and as the means to compositionally define spatial and formal complexity.1 The gap between the designer's vision and operations of the construction industry widened as fabrication processes remained largely analogue in how they were driven and delivered. A defining example of this challenge was Future Systems' Media Centre at Lord's Cricket Ground (competition winner 1995, opened 1999), in which the primary enclosure was entirely prefabricated by the Pendennis Shipyard in Falmouth, Cornwall, as theirs was the only industry both familiar and experienced in extrapolating design information for the fabrication of such forms.Concurrently though, news tools of computation, means to capture and analyse the performance of buildings, built e...