Transglutaminase in Plasmodium parasites: activity and putative role in oocysts and blood stages

Adini, A.; Krugliak, Miriam; Ginsburg, Hagaï; Li, Lili; Lavie, Lena; Warburg, Alon

doi:10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00345-0

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The oocyst capsule is bipartite and consists of a thick outer layer, formed mainly of mosquito laminin (92), and an inner oocyst plasma membrane (118). In addition to the presence of parasite transglutaminase (1), another parasite protein, Cap380 (oocyst capsule protein), is localized specifically to the laminin-rich outer capsule layer (127). The oocyst grows to 50–60 μm in diameter, making it one of the largest life cycle stages.…”

Section: Mosquito Stage Development and Generation Of Sporozoitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

Aly

Vaughan

Kappe

2009

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

256

224

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Plasmodium sporozoites are the product of a complex developmental process in the mosquito vector and are destined to infect the mammalian liver. Attention has been drawn to the mosquito stages and preerythrocytic stages owing to recognition that these are bottlenecks in the parasite life cycle and that intervention at these stages can block transmission and prevent infection. Parasite progression in the Anopheles mosquito, sporozoite transmission to the mammalian host by mosquito bite, and subsequent infection of the liver are characterized by extensive migration of invasive stages, cell invasion, and developmental changes. Preparation for the liver phase in the mammalian host begins in the mosquito with an extensive reprogramming of the sporozoite to support efficient infection and survival. Here, we discuss what is known about the molecular and cellular basis of the developmental progression of parasites and their interactions with host tissues in the mosquito and during the early phase of mammalian infection.

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Section: Mosquito Stage Development and Generation Of Sporozoitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

Aly

Vaughan

Kappe

2009

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

256

224

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“…Occasionally, sporozoites are found “penetrating” these openings and entering the hemolymph [4]. The oocyst capsule contains laminin of mosquito origin and displays trans- glutaminase activity probably of parasite origin [5,6]. In addition, the inner surface of the capsule is covered with the Plasmodium circumsporozoite (CS) protein [7–9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exit of Plasmodium Sporozoites from Oocysts Is an Active Process That Involves the Circumsporozoite Protein

2005

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Plasmodium sporozoites develop within oocysts residing in the mosquito midgut. Mature sporozoites exit the oocysts, enter the hemolymph, and invade the salivary glands. The circumsporozoite (CS) protein is the major surface protein of salivary gland and oocyst sporozoites. It is also found on the oocyst plasma membrane and on the inner surface of the oocyst capsule. CS protein contains a conserved motif of positively charged amino acids: region II-plus, which has been implicated in the initial stages of sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes. We investigated the function of region II-plus by generating mutant parasites in which the region had been substituted with alanines. Mutant parasites produced normal numbers of sporozoites in the oocysts, but the sporozoites were unable to exit the oocysts. In in vitro as well, there was a profound delay, upon trypsin treatment, in the release of mutant sporozoites from oocysts. We conclude that the exit of sporozoites from oocysts is an active process that involves the region II-plus of CS protein. In addition, the mutant sporozoites were not infective to young rats. These findings provide a new target for developing reagents that interfere with the transmission of malaria.

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“…Modern drug discovery platforms should enable us to identify new and nontoxic inhibitors which could lead to potential nematicides targeting parasite TGs. Similar to nematodes, TG-mediated reactions play a role in the development and survival of two protozoan parasites, Plasmodium parasite [51] which is responsible for resurgence of malaria and Giardia [46,47] that causes severe water-borne diarrheal infections in the tropics. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that the inhibition of TG-catalyzed reactions may offer pathogen selective and therefore, less toxic agents to control and eradicate the debilitating and life-threatening parasitic infections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transglutaminases of Lower Organisms

Rao

Chandrashekar²,

Mehta³

2005

Transglutaminases

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Transglutaminase in Plasmodium parasites: activity and putative role in oocysts and blood stages

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

Malaria Parasite Development in the Mosquito and Infection of the Mammalian Host

Exit of Plasmodium Sporozoites from Oocysts Is an Active Process That Involves the Circumsporozoite Protein

Transglutaminases of Lower Organisms

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