Transglutaminase in Epidermis and Neurological Disease or What Makes a Good Cross‐Linking Substrate

Hoffner, Guylaine; Houtteghem, Amandine Van; André, William; Djian, Philippe

doi:10.1002/9781118105771.ch3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 347 publications

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“…The proteins that form the cornified envelope include keratins, S100 proteins, small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs), late cornified envelope (LCE) proteins, annexins, involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, desmoplakin, envoplakin, periplakin, trichohyalin, cystatin A, elafin and repetin [15]. Trans-glutaminase enzymes, some of which require cleavage by proteases and an increase in intracellular calcium concentration to become active, cross-link the cornified envelope proteins to form a ceramide lipid-coated protective barrier to the epidermis [16]. Many of the cornified envelope genes are present in the “epidermal differentiation complex” (EDC) which was first identified on chromosome 1q21 in humans [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe pigeon crop is specially adapted to produce milk that is fed to newly hatched young. The process of pigeon milk production begins when the germinal cell layer of the crop rapidly proliferates in response to prolactin, which results in a mass of epithelial cells that are sloughed from the crop and regurgitated to the young. We proposed that the evolution of pigeon milk built upon the ability of avian keratinocytes to accumulate intracellular neutral lipids during the cornification of the epidermis. However, this cornification process in the pigeon crop has not been characterised.ResultsWe identified the epidermal differentiation complex in the draft pigeon genome scaffold and found that, like the chicken, it contained beta-keratin genes. These beta-keratin genes can be classified, based on sequence similarity, into several clusters including feather, scale and claw keratins. The cornified cells of the pigeon crop express several cornification-associated genes including cornulin, S100-A9 and A16-like, transglutaminase 6-like and the pigeon ‘lactating’ crop-specific annexin cp35. Beta-keratins play an important role in ‘lactating’ crop, with several claw and scale keratins up-regulated. Additionally, transglutaminase 5 and differential splice variants of transglutaminase 4 are up-regulated along with S100-A10.ConclusionsThis study of global gene expression in the crop has expanded our knowledge of pigeon milk production, in particular, the mechanism of cornification and lipid production. It is a highly specialised process that utilises the normal keratinocyte cellular processes to produce a targeted nutrient solution for the young at a very high turnover.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes

et al. 2013

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“…It seems likely that the SDS removes from the inclusions proteins that are co-aggregated with the polyQ-bearing protein (see, for example, [51,52,53]) and that prevent Congo red binding. Some experimental evidence has also suggested that polyQ aggregates are stabilized by covalent bonds catalyzed by transglutaminases [54]. It appears likely that the polyglutamine initially multimerizes into Congo red-binding amyloid fibrils.…”

Section: General Mechanism Of Polyq Aggregation: Formation Of β-Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This linkage disequilibrium is more suggestive of genetic drift than of natural selection [93]. In addition, no polyP adjacent to the polyQ is found in ataxin-1, -3, -6, the androgen receptor or the TATA-binding protein [54,94]. …”

Section: Influence Of the Sequences Flanking The Polyq On Aggregatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monomeric, Oligomeric and Polymeric Proteins in Huntington Disease and Other Diseases of Polyglutamine Expansion

Hoffner

Djian

2014

Brain Sciences

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Huntington disease and other diseases of polyglutamine expansion are each caused by a different protein bearing an excessively long polyglutamine sequence and are associated with neuronal death. Although these diseases affect largely different brain regions, they all share a number of characteristics, and, therefore, are likely to possess a common mechanism. In all of the diseases, the causative protein is proteolyzed, becomes abnormally folded and accumulates in oligomers and larger aggregates. The aggregated and possibly the monomeric expanded polyglutamine are likely to play a critical role in the pathogenesis and there is increasing evidence that the secondary structure of the protein influences its toxicity. We describe here, with special attention to huntingtin, the mechanisms of polyglutamine aggregation and the modulation of aggregation by the sequences flanking the polyglutamine. We give a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of monomeric and aggregated polyglutamine, including morphology, composition, seeding ability, secondary structure, and toxicity. The structural heterogeneity of aggregated polyglutamine may explain why polyglutamine-containing aggregates could paradoxically be either toxic or neuroprotective.

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“…Examples of tTG substrates include fibronectin and collagen [15,16]. Although consensus glutamine reactive residues of tTG substrate cannot be defined yet, contiguous glutamines are found to be one common feature of some natural and artificial tTG substrates [17][18][19]. Also, the continuous glutamine stretches need to be accessible and away from discouraging residues [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell spreading and viability on zein films may be facilitated by transglutaminase

Cui

Liu

Padua

2016

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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Zein is a biocompatible corn protein potentially useful in the development of biomaterials. In this study, the deposition of zein on oxygen plasma treated glass cover slips significantly enhanced cell spreading and viability. The mechanism for cellular response to zein coated surfaces was thought to involve the polyglutamine peptides on the zein structure. We hypothesized that zein was a substrate for tissue transglutaminase (tTG), an extracellular enzyme involved in cell-surface interactions. SDS-PAGE results suggested an interaction between zein and tTG, where zein was the glutamine donor. Cross-linking between zein and tTG may be the first step in successful cell adhesion and spreading.

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Transglutaminase in Epidermis and Neurological Disease or What Makes a Good Cross‐Linking Substrate

Cited by 5 publications

References 347 publications

Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes

Transcriptome analysis of pigeon milk production – role of cornification and triglyceride synthesis genes

Monomeric, Oligomeric and Polymeric Proteins in Huntington Disease and Other Diseases of Polyglutamine Expansion

Cell spreading and viability on zein films may be facilitated by transglutaminase

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