Transgenic Tobacco Expressing the TAT-Helicokinin I-CpTI Fusion Protein Show Increased Resistance and Toxicity to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Zhou, Zhou; Li, Yongli; Yuan, Cai; Zhang, Yongan; Qu, Lujiang

doi:10.3390/genes8010028

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…A search for the winged-helix initiator protein, representing a functional analogue of the eukaryotic Cdt1 in Archaea [142], also did not yield any euglenozoan hits. The fact that the homologues of Cdt1 were not identified in any euglenozoan except for E. gracilis is not surprising given its poor conservation even in eukaryotes well-studied in this respect, its putative absence in several other protist groups [145], and Cdt1's generally highly variable length [146] and lack of well-defined domains [147].…”

Section: Composition Of the Dna Pre-replication Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of metabolic capabilities and molecular features of diplonemids, kinetoplastids, and euglenids

et al. 2020

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Background: The Euglenozoa are a protist group with an especially rich history of evolutionary diversity. They include diplonemids, representing arguably the most species-rich clade of marine planktonic eukaryotes; trypanosomatids, which are notorious parasites of medical and veterinary importance; and free-living euglenids. These different lifestyles, and particularly the transition from free-living to parasitic, likely require different metabolic capabilities. We carried out a comparative genomic analysis across euglenozoan diversity to see how changing repertoires of enzymes and structural features correspond to major changes in lifestyles. Results: We find a gradual loss of genes encoding enzymes in the evolution of kinetoplastids, rather than a sudden decrease in metabolic capabilities corresponding to the origin of parasitism, while diplonemids and euglenids maintain more metabolic versatility. Distinctive characteristics of molecular machines such as kinetochores and the pre-replication complex that were previously considered specific to parasitic kinetoplastids were also identified in their free-living relatives. Therefore, we argue that they represent an ancestral rather than a derived state, as thought until the present. We also found evidence of ancient redundancy in systems such as NADPH-dependent thiol-redox. Only the genus Euglena possesses the combination of trypanothione-, glutathione-, and thioredoxin-based systems supposedly present in the euglenozoan common ancestor, while other representatives of the phylum have lost one or two of these systems. Lastly, we identified convergent losses of specific metabolic capabilities between free-living kinetoplastids and ciliates. Although this observation requires further examination, it suggests that certain eukaryotic lineages are predisposed to such convergent losses of key enzymes or whole pathways. Conclusions: The loss of metabolic capabilities might not be associated with the switch to parasitic lifestyle in kinetoplastids, and the presence of a highly divergent (or unconventional) kinetochore machinery might not be restricted to this protist group. The data derived from the transcriptomes of free-living early branching prokinetoplastids suggests that the pre-replication complex of Trypanosomatidae is a highly divergent version of the conventional machinery. Our findings shed light on trends in the evolution of metabolism in protists in general and open multiple avenues for future research.

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Section: Composition Of the Dna Pre-replication Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of metabolic capabilities and molecular features of diplonemids, kinetoplastids, and euglenids

et al. 2020

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“…For example, the transgenic approaches using genes encoding plant PIs, especially PIs from nonhost plants, were required for high specificity and effectiveness for various kind of pest (Harsulkar et al., ). CpTI, a trypsin inhibitor from cowpea, has been broadly applied in the transgenic crops on the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Zhou, Li, Yuan, Zhang, & Qu, ). Second, multifunctional inhibitors, which could inhibit more than one kind of target enzymes, perhaps elicited large‐scale inhibition and supplied an alternative strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights of anti‐insect molecular mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia trypsin inhibitor against Pieris rapae

Xiang

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2017

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Pieris rapae, a serious Lepidoptera pest of cultivated crucifers, utilizes midgut enzymes to digest food and detoxify secondary metabolites from host plants. A recombinant trypsin inhibitor (COTI)1 from nonhost plant, Cassia obtusifolia, significantly decreased activities of trypsin-like proteases in the larval midgut on Pieris rapae and could suppress the growth of larvae. In order to know how COTI took effect, transcriptional profiles of P. rapae midgut in response to COTI was studied. A total of 51,544 unigenes were generated and 45.86% of which had homologs in public databases. Most of the regulated genes associated with digestion, detoxification, homeostasis, and resistance were downregulated after ingestion of COTI. Meanwhile, several unigenes in the integrin signaling pathway might be involved in response to COTI. Furthermore, using comparative transcriptome analysis, we detected differently expressing genes and identified a new reference gene, UPF3, by qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, it was suggested that not only proteolysis inhibition, but also suppression of expression of genes involved in metabolism, development, signaling, and defense might account for the anti-insect resistance of COTI. K E Y W O R D SCassia obtusifolia, nonhost plant, physiological response, Pieris rapae, trypsin inhibitor

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“…Table 3 summarizes some of the recombinant genes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin that are used in the expression of recombinant inhibitors to confer resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Among them, is the cowpea CpTI gene constructed by insertion into a pBIN19 derivative plasmid vector and expressed in plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through CaMV35S promotor and 3′ NOS terminator (Zhou et al, 2017). These recombinant inhibitors mostly act by either tightly binding to the active site of the protease enzyme as pseudo-substrates or would use trapping, which is a rapid conformational change that traps the cognate protease in a covalent complex fashion (Sabotic and Kos, 2012).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Recombinant Protease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic effects of recombinant protease inhibitors in plants

Mangena

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Recombinant gene encoded protease inhibitors have been identified as some of the most effective antidigestive molecules to guard against proteolysis of essential proteins and plant attacking proteases from herbivorous pests and pathogenic microorganisms. Protease inhibitors (PIs) can be over expressed in transgenic plants to complement internal host defense systems, Bt toxins in genetically modified pest resistance and abiotic stress tolerance achieved through cystatins expression. Although the understanding of the role of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors encoded by both endogenous and transgenes expressed in crop plants has significantly advanced, their implication in biological systems still requires further elucidations. This paper, therefore, succinctly reviewed most recently published literature on recombinant proteases inhibitors (RPIs), focusing mainly on their unintended consequences in plants, other living organisms, and the environment. The review discusses major negative and unintended effects of RPIs involving the inhibitors’ non-specificity on protease enzymes, non-target organisms and ubiquitous versatility in their mechanism of inhibition. The paper also discusses some direct and indirect effects of RPIs such as degradation by distinct classes of proteases, reduced functionality due to plant exposure to severe environmental stress and any other potential negative influences exerted on both the host plant as well as the environment. These pleiotropic effects must be decisively monitored to eliminate and prevent any potential adverse effects that transgenic plants carrying recombinant inhibitor genes may have on non-target organisms and biodiversity.

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Transgenic Tobacco Expressing the TAT-Helicokinin I-CpTI Fusion Protein Show Increased Resistance and Toxicity to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Evolution of metabolic capabilities and molecular features of diplonemids, kinetoplastids, and euglenids

Evolution of metabolic capabilities and molecular features of diplonemids, kinetoplastids, and euglenids

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights of anti‐insect molecular mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia trypsin inhibitor against Pieris rapae

Pleiotropic effects of recombinant protease inhibitors in plants

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