Transgenic Strategies for Enhancement of Nematode Resistance in Plants

Ali, Muhammad Amjad; Azeem, Farrukh; Abbas, Amjad; Joyia, Faiz Ahmad; Li, Hongjie; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00750

Cited by 100 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…These nematodes have developed very sophisticated mechanisms of parasitizing host plants, which involve the induction of specialized feeding sites in plant roots. These feeding structures are known as giant cells in the case of root knot nematodes and syncytia in cyst-forming nematodes, respectively [ 3 ]. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) induce a series of morphological, biochemical, and molecular alterations in the cells of plant roots to facilitate the establishment of these feeding sites [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Transduction in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Ali

Anjam

Nawaz

et al. 2018

IJMS

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To successfully invade and infect their host plants, plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) need to evolve molecular mechanisms to overcome the defense responses from the plants. Nematode-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs), including ascarosides and certain proteins, while instrumental in enabling the infection, can be perceived by the host plants, which then initiate a signaling cascade leading to the induction of basal defense responses. To combat host resistance, some nematodes can inject effectors into the cells of susceptible hosts to reprogram the basal resistance signaling and also modulate the hosts’ gene expression patterns to facilitate the establishment of nematode feeding sites (NFSs). In this review, we summarized all the known signaling pathways involved in plant–nematode interactions. Specifically, we placed particular focus on the effector proteins from PPNs that mimic the signaling of the defense responses in host plants. Furthermore, we gave an updated overview of the regulation by PPNs of different host defense pathways such as salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, and cytokinin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to facilitate their parasitic successes in plants. This review will enhance the understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in both compatible and incompatible plant–nematode interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Transduction in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Ali

Anjam

Nawaz

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…This may exert survival pressure on nematode to change their parasitism genes to adapt to the new host environment. There is a need of further investigation of parasitism genes of SCN and associated adaptation mechanism in different hosts to pursue genetic engineering for the development of SCN resistance (Ali et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectate lyase is a factor in the adaptability for Heterodera glycines infecting tobacco

Tian

Shi

Maria

et al. 2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodeara glycines, is a serious pathogen of soybean, and reported to be the host of a wide range of Fabaceae. In the present study, the host specificity and reproductivity of two populations of H. glycines collected from soybean and tobacco were identified and characterized. The comparative identity between β-1,4-endoglucanase, pectate lyase and chorismate mutase of H. glycines parasitizing on soybean and tobacco were 99, 97 and 98%, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of pectate lyase 2 gene was significantly higher in second-stage juveniles of H. glycines Henan population parasitizing on tobacco than that of H. glycines Shanxi population parasitizing on soybean. In addition, the pectic acid content of cell wall was significantly higher (45%) in the roots of tobacco than the roots of soybean. Our results indicate that the changes in transcript parasitism genes may be a result of long-term evolution illustrating how a plant-parasitic nematode adapts to the host environment for optimal infestation and survival.

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“…But such knowledge will also have practical applications. On one hand, overexpression or downregulation of plant genes that are downregulated or upregulated in feeding sites could lead to enhanced resistance against nematodes (Klink and Matthews, 2009 ; Ali, 2012 ; Ali et al, 2017 ). On the other hand, knowing the function of nematode effectors might also open a way to counteract these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoparasitic nematodes are a serious menace to world's food security. They are biotrophic obligate parasites, whether migratory or sedentary in parasitic behavior (Ali et al, 2017 ). In both cases they consume the cell sap and plant nutrients during the course of parasitism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Parasitic Nematodes Use Multifaceted Strategies to Parasitize Plants

Ali

Azeem

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Nematodes are omnipresent in nature including many species which are parasitic to plants and cause enormous economic losses in various crops. During the process of parasitism, sedentary phytonematodes use their stylet to secrete effector proteins into the plant cells to induce the development of specialized feeding structures. These effectors are used by the nematodes to develop compatible interactions with plants, partly by mimicking the expression of host genes. Intensive research is going on to investigate the molecular function of these effector proteins in the plants. In this review, we have summarized which physiological and molecular changes occur when endoparasitic nematodes invade the plant roots and how they develop a successful interaction with plants using the effector proteins. We have also mentioned the host genes which are induced by the nematodes for a compatible interaction. Additionally, we discuss how nematodes modulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNA silencing pathways in addition to post-translational modifications in their own favor for successful parasitism in plants.

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Transgenic Strategies for Enhancement of Nematode Resistance in Plants

Cited by 100 publications

References 110 publications

Signal Transduction in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Signal Transduction in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Pectate lyase is a factor in the adaptability for Heterodera glycines infecting tobacco

Smart Parasitic Nematodes Use Multifaceted Strategies to Parasitize Plants

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