Transgenic Organisms: Enthusiasm and Expectations as Compared with the Reality of Scientific Research

Marmiroli, Nelson

doi:10.1007/s11259-005-0002-8

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For example, until 2002 no commercially used genetically engineered crops increased drought tolerance (4,5) in part because such engineering is more difficult than designing pesticide resistance (1). Examples of other modifications are changed flower color, delayed senescence of fruits and flowers, male sterility as an aid to crossbreeding, and modification of lipid biosynthesis for specialized oil production (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmaceutical production in more sustainable ways or facilitated drug delivery for developing countries, e.g. through plants or milk (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applications of environmental relevance, as alternatives to industrial polymer production or used for innovative decontamination of polluted sites (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is still the lack of knowledge about many important characters of plants and animals, and this is one of the main causes delaying the fulfillment of the most interesting applications of GMOs (6). Only a few of the potential applications have been actually realized and have reached the stage of GMO production, and even less GMOs have reached commercial application (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few of the potential applications have been actually realized and have reached the stage of GMO production, and even less GMOs have reached commercial application (6). So far only genetically modified micro-organisms and plants have been commercially applied -for example, genetically modified plants are utilized for seed production, as animal feed, or for production of food ingredients, such as soy lecithin and maize starch (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Genetically modified organisms: Do the benefits outweigh the risks?

Hug

2008

Medicina

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Results. The article discusses the main application areas of GMOs, the expansion of using GMOs in the world as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the implications of their usage. It further provides an overview of the suggested ways to tackle or avoid the GMO-related risks. The international and European positions regarding the application of GMOs are discussed and European Directives, Regulations, and ethical guidelines are overviewed. The article further presents the public attitudes towards GMOs in Europe as well as overviews surveys conducted at the national level.Conclusion. Suggested steps to tackle the challenge of developing and managing biotechnology for the benefit of public health and the environment are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmaceutical production in more sustainable ways or facilitated drug delivery for developing countries, e.g. through plants or milk (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applications of environmental relevance, as alternatives to industrial polymer production or used for innovative decontamination of polluted sites (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Genetically modified organisms: Do the benefits outweigh the risks?

Hug

2008

Medicina

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Asymptomatic Endemic Chlamydia pecorum Infections Reduce Growth Rates in Calves by up to 48 Percent

et al. 2012

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Intracellular Chlamydia (C.) bacteria cause in cattle some acute but rare diseases such as abortion, sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, pneumonia, enteritis and polyarthritis. More frequent, essentially ubiquitous worldwide, are low-level, asymptomatic chlamydial infections in cattle. We investigated the impact of these naturally acquired infections in a cohort of 51 female Holstein and Jersey calves from birth to 15 weeks of age. In biweekly sampling, we measured blood/plasma markers of health and infection and analyzed their association with clinical appearance and growth in dependence of chlamydial infection intensity as determined by mucosal chlamydial burden or contemporaneous anti-chlamydial plasma IgM. Chlamydia 23S rRNA gene PCR and ompA genotyping identified only C. pecorum (strains 1710S, Maeda, and novel strain Smith3v8) in conjunctival and vaginal swabs. All calves acquired the infection but remained clinically asymptomatic. High chlamydial infection associated with reduction of body weight gains by up to 48% and increased conjunctival reddening (P<10−4). Simultaneously decreased plasma albumin and increased globulin (P<10−4) suggested liver injury by inflammatory mediators as mechanisms for the growth inhibition. This was confirmed by the reduction of plasma insulin like growth factor-1 at high chlamydial infection intensity (P<10−4). High anti-C. pecorum IgM associated eight weeks later with 66% increased growth (P = 0.027), indicating a potential for immune protection from C. pecorum-mediated growth depression. The worldwide prevalence of chlamydiae in livestock and their high susceptibility to common feed-additive antibiotics suggests the possibility that suppression of chlamydial infections may be a major contributor to the growth promoting effect of feed-additive antibiotics.

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Immunotoxicological Evaluation of Corn Genetically Modified with Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ah Gene by a 30-Day Feeding Study in BALB/c Mice

et al. 2014

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This study was to investigate the immunotoxicological potential of corn genetically modified (GM) with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ah gene in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: the negative control group, the parental corn group, the GM corn group and the positive control group with 10 mice per group. Mice in the GM corn group and the parental corn group were fed with diets containing 70% corresponding corn for 30 days. Mice in the negative control group and the positive control group were fed with AIN93G diet, administered with saline or 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CY) via intraperitoneal injection 24 h before the termination of the study, respectively. At the end of the study, the immunotoxicological effects of the GM corn were evaluated through immunopathology parameters including body and organ weights, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, histological examination, peripheral blood lymphocytes phenotype; humoral immunity including antibody plaque-forming cell, serum immunoglobulin, cytokine and half hemolysis value; cellular immunity such as mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction; non-specific immunity including phagocytic activities of phagocytes, natural killer cell activity. A single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg bw) was found to have significant adverse effects on immunopathology, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity in mice. The corn genetically modified with Bt Cry1Ah gene is considered consistent with the parental corn in terms of immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and non-specific immunity. No adverse immunotoxicological effects of GM corn with Bt Cry1Ah gene were found when feeding mice for 30 days.

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Transgenic Organisms: Enthusiasm and Expectations as Compared with the Reality of Scientific Research

Abstract: Marmiroli, N., 2005. Transgenic organisms: Enthusiasm and expectations as compared with the reality of scientific research.

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Genetically modified organisms: Do the benefits outweigh the risks?

Genetically modified organisms: Do the benefits outweigh the risks?

Asymptomatic Endemic Chlamydia pecorum Infections Reduce Growth Rates in Calves by up to 48 Percent

Immunotoxicological Evaluation of Corn Genetically Modified with Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ah Gene by a 30-Day Feeding Study in BALB/c Mice

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