Transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptides from black soldier fly enhance resistance against entomopathogenic bacteria in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Jian, Xu; Luo, Xun; Fang, Gangqi; Zhan, Shuai; Wu, Jun; Wang, Dun; Huang, Yongping

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103487

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…This may be attributed to the beneficial biomass, such as chitosan and lauric acid, resisting the invasion of ETEC K88. ( 39 , 40 ). Occludin and Claudin-3 play an important regulatory role in the intestinal barrier ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

et al. 2021

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A high-quality protein substitute, Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) larvae powder, is rich in protein and often used in animal feed. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and optimal ratio of replacing fish meal with H. illucens larvae in weaned piglets and to demonstrate the effects on piglets' growth performance, intestinal microflora and immune performance. Forty-eight female weaned piglets were randomly classified into three groups. Each group consisted of eight pens (replicates), with two piglets per pen. Three groups containing different proportions of H. illucens larvae (0, 4, and 8%) were referred to as C, HI4, and HI8. We first designed a 28-day feeding experiment to detect growth performance; after that, the piglets were induced with oral gavage of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) and recording diarrhea on day 29 of the experiment. Samples were taken on the 32nd day to detect the effect of H. illucens larvae on the immune performance of the weaned piglets. H. illucens larvae replacement did not cause any obvious change in the growth performance nether in HI4 nor in HI8 of weaned piglets with 28 d feeding stage. H. illucens larvae could improve the intestinal health of weaned piglets by increasing the content of Lactobacillus and reducing the content of Streptococcus. Compared with C+K88 group, the diarrhea rate was attenuated for the H. illucens supplemented group. The integrity of ileum villi in HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups was better than that in C+K88 group, and the villi in C+K88 group were severely damaged. The expression of IL-10, Occludin and Claudin-3 in the intestinal mucosa of the HI4+K88 group and HI8+K88 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the C+K88 group. The results of immunoblotting also validated that the same ETEC K88 treatment of weaned piglets enhanced the expression of tight junction protein in the intestinal mucosa of the H. illucens addition group. ETEC-induced diarrhea will be reduced by the diet of weaned piglets containing H. illucens larvae, ameliorating the immune performance of piglets. Our results indicates that the optimal dosage of H. illucens replacement in weaned piglets is 4%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

et al. 2021

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“…The bene cial ingredients such as antibacterial peptides, chitosan, and lauric acid present in the Hermetia illucens larvae powder, help to improve the body's disease resistance and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria [46,47]. Therefore, down-regulation of the expression levels of pro-in ammatory cytokines and up-regulation of the expression levels of anti-in ammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins conveys the best form of resistance to pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Effect of Hermetia Illucens Larvae on Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia Coli K88

Jin

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2021

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Background：A high-quality protein substitute, Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly) larvae powder is rich in protein, fat, amino acid, calcium, and other substances. Due to the relatively few studies on the feeding of weaned piglets, in the present study, we replaced part or all of the fish meal with a relevant proportion of Hermetia illucens larvae powder in the feed to study its effect on weaned piglets. A total of forty-eight young female weaned piglets (Duroc ´ Landrace ´ Large White) with initial body weights (BW) 7.68 ± 0.26 kg, were randomly divided into three groups, each group had eight replicates, two pigs per replicate. Three groups containing different proportions of Hermetia illucens larvae powder (0, 4%, and 8%) were referred to as C, HI4, and HI8. We designed a 28-day feeding experiment, collecting blood and feces, thereafter inducing the piglets with oral gavage of ETEC K88 and recording diarrhea on day 29 of the experiment. Four piglets in each group were selected to collect serum, colon contents, intestinal tissue, and jejunum, ileum, colon mucosa samples.Results：The growth performance of weaned piglets remained unaffected on supplementing feed with Hermetia illucens. Compared with C+K88 group, the diarrhea rate was found to be attenuated for the Hermetia illucens supplemented group. Severe damage was evident in the case of the ileum villi of the C+K88 group, whereas improved integrity was demonstrated by the ileum villi of the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups. Significantly increased expressions of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05) and the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-3 (P < 0.05) and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α (P < 0.05) were reflected in the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups as compared to the C+K88 group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD (P < 0.05) also revealed an effective increase in the Hermetia illucens supplemented groups than the control. The results of immunoblotting also validated that the same ETEC K88 treatment of weaned piglets enhanced the expression of tight junction protein in the intestinal mucosa of the Hermetia illucens addition group (P < 0.05) and the integrity of the intestinal barrier was also better maintained. The experimental results affirmed that Hermetia illucens larvae powder could partially or completely replace fish meal, increase the content of Lactobacillus, reduce the content of Streptococcus, improve the body’s disease resistance, and improve intestinal health.Conclusions：ETEC-induced diarrhea will be reduced by the diet of weaned piglets containing Hermetia illucens larvae, ameliorating the immune performance of pigs. The present research provides a new perspective for insect meal as a sustainable protein source for pig feed.

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“…To our knowledge, and apart from the AMPs, only one study has investigated the larval immune system of BSF ( 16): here, the authors performed preliminary work on some elements of the humoral response, such as phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and antimicrobial peptides, completely overlooking the cellular mechanisms. More attention has been paid to the AMPs due to biotechnological applications and medical interests, some of which have been recently characterized and cloned from BSF larvae (30)(31)(32)(33). Moreover, Vogel et al (9) performed a RNASeq analysis on whole larvae grown on different rearing substrates (including those with high bacterial loads) and on selected tissues, demonstrating that the AMP expression profile depends not only on the bacterial load of the substrate, but also on its nutrient composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Immune Response of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Bacteria

et al. 2021

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In insects, a complex and effective immune system that can be rapidly activated by a plethora of stimuli has evolved. Although the main cellular and humoral mechanisms and their activation pathways are highly conserved across insects, the timing and the efficacy of triggered immune responses can differ among different species. In this scenario, an insect deserving particular attention is the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Indeed, BSF larvae can be reared on a wide range of decaying organic substrates and, thanks to their high protein and lipid content, they represent a valuable source of macromolecules useful for different applications (e.g., production of feedstuff, bioplastics, and biodiesel), thus contributing to the development of circular economy supply chains for waste valorization. However, decaying substrates bring the larvae into contact with different potential pathogens that can challenge their health status and growth. Although these life strategies have presumably contributed to shape the evolution of a sophisticated and efficient immune system in this dipteran, knowledge about its functional features is still fragmentary. In the present study, we investigated the processes underpinning the immune response to bacteria in H. illucens larvae and characterized their reaction times. Our data demonstrate that the cellular and humoral responses in this insect show different kinetics: phagocytosis and encapsulation are rapidly triggered after the immune challenge, while the humoral components intervene later. Moreover, although both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are completely removed from the insect body within a few hours after injection, Gram-positive bacteria persist in the hemolymph longer than do Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the activity of two key actors of the humoral response, i.e., lysozyme and phenoloxidase, show unusual dynamics as compared to other insects. This study represents the first detailed characterization of the immune response to bacteria of H. illucens larvae, expanding knowledge on the defense mechanisms of this insect among Diptera. This information is a prerequisite to manipulating the larval immune response by nutritional and environmental factors to increase resistance to pathogens and optimize health status during mass rearing.

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Transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptides from black soldier fly enhance resistance against entomopathogenic bacteria in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

WITHDRAWN: Effect of Hermetia Illucens Larvae on Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia Coli K88

Insights Into the Immune Response of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Bacteria

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