Transgenic Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Sustainable Biochemical Engineering Approach for Making Essential Fatty Acids in Plants and Animals

Jiao, Jingjing; Zhang, Yu

doi:10.1021/cr300007p

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…This technique enables the production of vlPUFAs of interest via metabolic engineering (Kaewsuwan et al 2010; Chodok et al 2012). On the other hand, transgenic engineering of crops, e.g., oil seed crops using moss genes, as recently reviewed regarding genes from microalgae or fish (Jiao and Zhang 2013) is also a promising research area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand the use of moss genes in a transgenic approach, e.g., for the optimization of oil seed crops as an alternative to the use of genes from microalgae or fish (Jiao and Zhang 2013), forms a promising research field. On the other hand, mosses themselves provide the potential for the discovery of yet uncharacterized metabolites (Cove et al 2006; Asakawa 2007; Xie and Lou 2009; Erxleben et al 2012), but also for the production of metabolites in the moss bioreactor that was established for cultivation of P. patens (Decker and Reski 2008, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High contents of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different moss species

et al. 2013

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Key messageMosses have high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Tissue-specific differences in fatty acid contents and fatty acid desaturase (FADS)-encoding gene expression exist. The arachidonic acid-synthesizing FADS operate in the ER.AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important cellular compounds with manifold biological functions. Many PUFAs are essential for the human diet and beneficial for human health. In this study, we report on the high amounts of very long-chain (vl) PUFAs (≥C20) such as arachidonic acid (AA) in seven moss species. These species were established in axenic in vitro culture, as a prerequisite for comparative metabolic studies under highly standardized laboratory conditions. In the model organism Physcomitrellapatens, tissue-specific differences in the fatty acid compositions between the filamentous protonema and the leafy gametophores were observed. These metabolic differences correspond with differential gene expression of fatty acid desaturase (FADS)-encoding genes in both developmental stages, as determined via microarray analyses. Depending on the developmental stage and the species, AA amounts for 6–31 %, respectively, of the total fatty acids. Subcellular localization of the corresponding FADS revealed the endoplasmic reticulum as the cellular compartment for AA synthesis. Our results show that vlPUFAs are highly abundant metabolites in mosses. Standardized cultivation techniques using photobioreactors along with the availability of the P.patens genome sequence and the high rate of homologous recombination are the basis for targeted metabolic engineering in moss. The potential of producing vlPUFAs of interest from mosses will be highlighted as a promising area in plant biotechnology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00299-013-1525-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High contents of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different moss species

et al. 2013

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“…There is considerable interest in the possibilities of using plant genetic engineering to produce foodstuffs that can be modified to improve the levels of endogenous nutrients and enhance their nutritional composition or to alternatively introduce non‐native compounds (e.g., unusual lipids or fatty acids) into plants . Therefore, transgenic plants are considered to be so‐called “green factories” for the synthesis of useful compounds in a sustainable and cheap manner .…”

Section: Genetic Engineering Of Cereals For Their Enrichment With Pufasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible approach to the preparation of new cereal varieties with a desired fatty acid and/or pigment profile is to apply gene engineering techniques. Successes in genetic transformation of some plants and creating genetically modified green varieties that can synthesize PUFAs have opened new possibilities for natural production of these valued metabolites. However, this biotechnological technique requires more strategies for overcoming difficulties with gene transformation in various cereals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology for the functional improvement of cereal‐based materials enriched with PUFA and pigments

Čertı́k

Klempová

Guothová

et al. 2013

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Cereals as the major food supply are deficient in essential nutrients, such as PUFA and pigments. Biotechnological techniques based on solid state fermentation (SSF) and genetic engineering have been developed to naturally prepare functional cereals enriched with PUFAs and carotenoids. SSF represents a promising approach where the selected fungi (Zygomycetes) effectively utilize and transform raw cereal substrates to cereal-based bioproducts containing high amounts of valuable PUFAs and carotenoids. Depending on the strain, types of cereal substrates, and cultivation conditions, a range of cereal-based bioproducts enriched with PUFAs (up to 2.4% GLA, 4.2% AA, 2.1% dihomo-gamma/linolenic acid, 2.3% eicosapentaenoic acid) and pigments (8.5 mg beta-carotene/kg prefermented cereals) have been prepared. In addition, cereals (barley, wheat) consisting of gamma-linolenic and stearidonic acids have been prepared by genetic transformation of the fungal fatty acid D6-desaturase gene. Such functional prefermented cereal-based bioproducts are characterized by the acceptable nutritive, functional, and flavor values, the improved antioxidant, radical-scavenging, and thermal oxidation properties as well as the enhanced safety; therefore they may find applications in the food/feed fields.Practical applications: Cereals lack a number of nutrients, such as PUFAs and pigments which are essential for human well-being due to their healthy, dietary, and functional properties. However, cereals could be considered as challenging sources of these compounds if they are naturally modified with the aim to contain PUFAs and pigments. Therefore the biotechnological preparation of cereals enriched with PUFAs and carotene pigments by fungal SSF has been developed. This natural technique is promising for the application of prefermented "bioproducts" in various fields and such cereal materials enriched with PUFAs and carotenoids might be considered as new types of inexpensive functional cereal-based food and feed supplements.

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“…They are categorized into two families (n-6 or n-3), depending on the position of the last double bond proximal to the methyl end of the fatty acid (Jiao and Zhang 2013;Sayanova and Napier 2004). The n-6 and n-3 FAs are derived from the FA linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid, respectively, which cannot be produced in mammalian cells from simpler molecules (Grosso et al 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered serum fatty acid composition in geriatric depression

Marx¹,

Alexopoulos

Irmisch³

et al. 2015

J Neural Transm

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Fatty acids (FA), mainly polyunsaturated (PUFA) of n-3 or n-6 types, may influence neuropsychobiological processes. Decreased levels of n-3 PUFA have been shown to be related to major depression and supplementation of n-3 PUFA seems to contribute to improved depression treatment outcome. The profiles of serum FA profiles in patients with geriatric depression have not been thoroughly studied yet. The present study investigated the FA profiles of patients with geriatric depression and of mentally healthy elderly individuals. Serum FA profiles of 36 inpatients with geriatric depression who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for unipolar major depression were compared with those of 37 control subjects. Patients with geriatric depression, irrespective of gender, exhibited lower total FAs, as well as significantly lower concentrations of total n-3 PUFA and eicosapentaenoic acid, though the groups did not differ with regard to Body Mass Index. The findings of the present study point to an association between lower FA serum levels and geriatric depression. Further investigations with larger samples and dietetic interventions may provide deeper insights into the role of eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA in the development and treatment of geriatric depression.

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Transgenic Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Sustainable Biochemical Engineering Approach for Making Essential Fatty Acids in Plants and Animals

Cited by 17 publications

References 248 publications

High contents of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different moss species

High contents of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different moss species

Biotechnology for the functional improvement of cereal‐based materials enriched with PUFA and pigments

Altered serum fatty acid composition in geriatric depression

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