Transgender Adolescents' Experiences in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study

Screening for Gender Identity in Adolescent Well Visits: Is It Feasible and Acceptable?

“…A critical factor to consider before implementing gender identity screening in adolescents is confidentiality [10]. Studies suggest that adolescents want their medical providers to ask them questions about gender, such as preferred names and pronouns, but only confidentially, without their parents present [16]. This is especially true when parents/guardians may not be aware or are not accepting of the adolescent's gender identity; screening or discussing gender identity may cause or exacerbate emotional distress and conflict between the adolescent and their parent/guardian.…”

Predicting outcomes of cross-sex hormone therapy in transgender individuals with gender incongruence based on pre-therapy resting-state brain connectivity

“…Issues related to self-identity, body image, and medical interventions in individuals with a gender incongruence diagnosis (GI) are challenges for the 21st century, particularly given the high suicide risk associated with GI ( Clements-Nolle et al, 2006 , Maguen and Shipherd, 2010 , Mueller et al, 2017 , Narang et al, 2018 ), possibly due to their core dysphoria related to gender incongruence and/or psychiatric conditions such as anxiety ( Bouman et al, 2017a ) and depressive disorders ( Witcomb et al, 2018 ). These psychiatric conditions in many could be the result of stigmatization and childhood maltreatment ( Guss et al, 2019 , Yang et al, 2015 ). Gender incongruence in ICD-11 ( World Health Organization, 1992 ) or gender dysphoria, in DSM-5 ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ), refers to significant distress and/or impairment due to a feeling of incongruence between a person’s experienced gender and their birth-assigned sex.…”

Medical Gender Affirmation and HIV and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention in Transgender Youth: Results from the Survey of Today's Adolescent Relationships and Transitions, 2018

“…8 These health-related risk factors demonstrate a need for gender-affirming and youth-friendly health services, which transgender youth have also identified as important. [9][10][11] Gender affirmation refers to a process by which individuals are recognized as and supported in living their gender identity and/or expression, 12 and includes four dimensions: social, psychological, medical, and legal. 13 In particular, medical gender affirmation involves treatments such as puberty blockers, hormone replacement therapy, and surgical and other procedures meant to feminize or to masculinize the body.…”