Transfusion-transmissible infections and transfusion-related immunomodulation

Abstract

Transfusion-transmissible infections and transfusion-related immunomodulation AbstractThe risk of acquiring a transfusion-transmitted infection has declined in recent years. However, after human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C virus transmission were successfully reduced, new pathogens are threatening the safety of the blood supply, especially in the face of rising numbers of immunocompromised transfusion recipients. Despite new standards in the manufacture and storage of blood products, bacterial contamination still remains a considerable cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Better allograft survival in kidney transplant patients and higher cancer recurrence rate in surgical oncology patients after allogeneic blood transfusions highlighted a previously underestimated side-effect: transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM). The precise pathomechanism still remains uncertain; however, its mostly deleterious effects--such as a higher incidence of postoperative or nosocomial infections--is increasingly accepted. Although transfusion-related immunomodulation is thought to be mediated mainly by donor white blood cells, the benefit of leukoreduction on overall mortality and on infectious complications is highly debatable. Transfusion-transmissible infections and Transfusion-related immunomodulation Transfusion-transmissible infections and Transfusion-related immunomodulation AbstractThe risk of acquiring a transfusion-transmitted infection has declined in recent years.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Occupational Risk Factors Among Health Care Workers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

“…In our study, the overall prevalence of HbsAg is 1.1%. As HCWs are already at a high risk of exposure, the low level of prevalence may be due to the fact that amongst the general population there are other common modes of transmission including sexual contact [17], blood transfusions and transfusion with other human blood products [18], re-use of contaminated needles and syringes [19], and vertical transmission from mother to child (MTCT) during childbirth. Duration of practise was also noted to be contributory to the acquisition of the viral infection as observed by Luiz et al, Coelho et al, and Janzen et al, that extended time in service increases the exposure to the infection which is in contrary to this study because the two participants who are seropositive have less than three years work experience [11,20,21].…”

TNF-α and TGF-β level after intraoperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion in orthopedic operation patients

“…However, the clinical significance of TRIM remains controversial (10). The precise mechanisms of TRIM are still not well understood although presumed to be mediated by allogeneic leukocytes and its products including the HLA peptides and cytokines (11).…”

Identification of a mutation in Hepatitis B virus surface antigen capable of evading ELISA screening

“…Moreover, because China has the largest population in the world, the demand for blood transfusion during surgery, as well as other blood-related products for medical needs, is extremely high. Therefore, HBV infection caused by blood transfusion or from the use of HBV-contaminated blood products is another major transmission route, in addition to transmission via sexual contact, drug injection and vertical transmission from an infected mother to an unborn baby (Buddeberg et al, 2008;Toy et al, 2008). This is especially true when the blood was collected from an HBV-infected donor during a period when it could not be detected, or when the donor was infected by a mutated HBV strain that can lead to false negative results during routine HBV screening (Candotti and Allain 2009).…”